Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders that mostly affect aged individuals. The common symptoms of PD are rest tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Objectives: The present study was devised to find out the clinical features and risk factors associated with PD in a population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods:A total of 600 PD patients and 1,200 control individuals took part in this study. The participants filled out a standard questionnaire. Results: This study found a significant association between PD and exposure to pesticides (p < 0.0001) and doing work on farms (p < 0.0001). The use of aldrin was significantly associated with PD (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also found that PD status was associated with individuals who have a history of depression, hypertension, head injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. This study also showed that the PD rate was lower in those who were using tobacco products. Conclusion: In this case-control study, we revealed some environmental and medical conditions that are linked with PD. To control the disease, we must minimize exposure to pesticides, and the government and scientific community should play their role.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 人群帕金森病的临床特征和危险因素：病例对照研究

背景：帕金森病 (PD) 是最常见的神经系统疾病之一，主要影响老年人。PD的常见症状是静止性震颤、运动迟缓和僵硬。目的：本研究旨在找出开伯尔 - 普赫图赫瓦人群中与 PD 相关的临床特征和危险因素。方法：共有 600 名 PD 患者和 1,200 名对照个体参加了这项研究。参与者填写标准问卷。结果：本研究发现 PD 与农药接触 (p < 0.0001) 和在农场工作 (p < 0.0001) 之间存在显着关联。艾氏剂的使用与 PD 显着相关（p < 0.0001）。此外，我们还发现 PD 状态与有抑郁症、高血压、头部外伤、和阿尔茨海默病。这项研究还表明，使用烟草产品的人的 PD 率较低。结论：在这项病例对照研究中，我们揭示了一些与 PD 相关的环境和医疗条件。为了控制这种疾病，我们必须尽量减少接触农药，政府和科学界应该发挥作用。