Heterogeneous supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively applied in a variety of chemical and energy conversion processes. Traditionally, these catalysts are prepared by deposition methods. However, they usually show wide ranging size distributions and are easily subject to poisoning and coarsening or agglomeration during the reactions. Alternatively, the time and cost-effective in situ exsolution strategy has successfully addressed the above drawbacks and is able to produce finer and more evenly distributed metal NPs even at relatively low metal loading. Endowed by their socketed nature, the exsolved metal NPs possess excellent operational stabilities as well as great catalytic activities. Moreover, these exsolved metal NPs are smart and can be regenerated upon redox treatments, further extending the lifetime of catalysts. This review presents a general idea in facilitating the degree of exsolution from various oxide substrates by summarizing the recent advances in the exsolution related studies and research outputs with a special emphasis on the understanding of the thermodynamical roles of different experimental parameters.

中文翻译：

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原位溶解的金属纳米颗粒：优化催化剂的智能方法

异质负载金属纳米颗粒（NPs）广泛应用于各种化学和能量转化过程。传统上，这些催化剂是通过沉积方法制备的。然而，它们通常显示出宽范围的尺寸分布，并且在反应过程中容易中毒，变粗或结块。或者，时间和成本效益就地exsolution策略已成功解决了上述缺点，即使在相对较低的金属负载下，也能够生产出更细，分布更均匀的金属NP。由于其具有窝孔性质，因此被溶解的金属NP具有出色的操作稳定性以及出色的催化活性。此外，这些溶解的金属NP很灵巧，可以在氧化还原处理后再生，从而进一步延长了催化剂的使用寿命。这篇综述提出了一个总体思路，通过总结与溶出有关的研究和研究成果的最新进展来促进从各种氧化物基质中溶出的程度，并特别强调了对不同实验参数的热力学作用的理解。