Owing to the tremendous demands for high-resolution pixel-scale thin lenses in displays, we developed a graphene-based ultrathin square subpixel lens (USSL) capable of electrically tuneable focusing (ETF) with a performance competitive with that of a typical mechanical refractive lens. The fringe field due to a voltage bias in the graphene proves that our ETF-USSL can focus light onto a single point regardless of the wavelength of the visible light—by controlling the carriers at the Dirac point using radially patterned graphene layers, the focal length of the planar structure can be adjusted without changing the curvature or position of the lens. A high focusing efficiency of over 60% at a visible wavelength of 405 nm was achieved with a lens thickness of <13 nm, and a change of 19.42% in the focal length with a 9% increase in transmission was exhibited under a driving voltage. This design is first presented as an ETF-USSL that can be controlled in pixel units of flat panel displays for visible light. It can be easily applied as an add-on to high resolution, slim displays and provides a new direction for the application of multifunctional autostereoscopic displays.

由于显示器对高分辨率像素级薄透镜的巨大需求，我们开发了一种基于石墨烯的超薄方形亚像素透镜（USSL），能够电调聚焦（ETF），其性能可与典型机械折射透镜相媲美。由于石墨烯中的电压偏置而产生的边缘场证明，无论可见光的波长如何，我们的 ETF-USSL 都可以将光聚焦到单个点上 - 通过使用径向图案化的石墨烯层控制狄拉克点的载流子，焦距可以在不改变透镜的曲率或位置的情况下调整平面结构的形状。在透镜厚度<13 nm的情况下，在405 nm可见光波长处实现了超过60%的高聚焦效率，并且在驱动电压下焦距变化了19.42%，透光率增加了9%。该设计首先作为 ETF-USSL 提出，可以在可见光平板显示器的像素单元中进行控制。它可以轻松地作为高分辨率、纤薄显示器的附加组件应用，并为多功能自动立体显示器的应用提供了新的方向。