Coal-mined areas are often associated with hostile environmental conditions where the scarcity of water and key nutrient resources negatively affect plant growth and development. In this study we specifically addressed how different combinations of water (W), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) might affect morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of a native shrub species, Tamarix chinensis, grown on coal mine spoils. Our results show that under greenhouse conditions the application of moderate-to-high doses of W, N and P considerably improved growth-associated parameters (i.e. plant height, stem diameter, dry weight), as well as gas-exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents and leaf water status of T. chinensis. Under field conditions high W and low N, P doses led to significant increases in plant growth-associated traits, gas-exchange parameters and leaf water status. Plant growth was generally higher under greenhouse conditions mainly because seedlings faced multiple stress when growing under field conditions. Low W-regime, regardless of N-P additions, improved osmotic adjustments in leaf tissues and also boosted the activity of several antioxidant enzymes to reduce oxidative stress associated with W scarcity under greenhouse conditions. Importantly, our study shows how maximum growth performance of T. chinensis under field conditions was achieved at W, N and P doses of 150 mm yr.-1 , 80 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 , respectively. Our findings suggest that achieving optimal rates of W, N and P application is crucial for promoting the ecological restoration of coal-mined areas with T. chinensis under arid environmental conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

干旱条件下煤矿退化区优化水肥施用促进柽柳生长

煤矿区通常与恶劣的环境条件有关，其中水和关键营养资源的稀缺对植物的生长和发育产生负面影响。在这项研究中，我们专门探讨了水 (W)、氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 的不同组合如何影响生长在煤矿弃土上的天然灌木物种柽柳的形态生理和生化属性。我们的结果表明，在温室条件下，中高剂量的 W、N 和 P 的施用显着改善了生长相关参数（即株高、茎粗、干重）以及气体交换参数、光合色素T. chinensis 的含量和叶片水分状况。在田间条件下，高 W 和低 N，P 剂量导致植物生长相关性状的显着增加，气体交换参数和叶水状态。温室条件下植物生长普遍较高，主要是因为幼苗在田间条件下生长时面临多重胁迫。低 W 状态，无论 NP 添加如何，都改善了叶组织的渗透调节，还提高了几种抗氧化酶的活性，以减少温室条件下与 W 稀缺相关的氧化应激。重要的是，我们的研究表明，在田间条件下，白藜芦醇的最大生长性能是如何在 W、N 和 P 剂量分别为 150 mm yr.-1、80 kg ha-1 和 40 kg ha-1 的情况下实现的。我们的研究结果表明，在干旱环境条件下，实现 W、N 和 P 的最佳施用率对于促进 T. chinensis 煤矿区的生态恢复至关重要。本文受版权保护。