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Resource availability drives microevolutionary patterns of plant defences
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13610 Xosé López‐Goldar 1, 2 , Rafael Zas 2 , Luis Sampedro 2
中文翻译：
资源可用性驱动着植物防御的微进化模式
更新日期：2020-06-22
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13610 Xosé López‐Goldar 1, 2 , Rafael Zas 2 , Luis Sampedro 2
Affiliation
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- The resource availability hypothesis (RAH) was formulated to disentangle patterns of variation among species in plant antiherbivore defences. A novel theoretical framework was recently proposed to expand the RAH among populations within species (RAHintra), but unresolved conceptual issues and considerable gaps surrounding the new hypothesis still need to be addressed.
- Here we tested the RAHintra predictions in a pine tree species using population‐level correlations among plant traits and climate as a proxy of resource availability. We analysed genetic variation among 10 maritime pine populations in growth, constitutive and induced chemical defences and resistance to herbivory in a glasshouse experiment. We used a clonally replicated collection with family structure and accounted for the neutral genetic differentiation with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) data.
- Most of our results agree with the predictions of the RAHintra. As postulated, growth showed a positive relation with resource availability at population origin. Constitutive investment in phenolics (but not in terpenes) and antiherbivore resistance was also positively related to resource availability at population origin, as theory predicts. Conversely, we did not detect relationships between resource availability and the inducibility of any of the traits. A trade‐off between constitutive investment and inducibility of chemical defences was observed for phenolics, as expected, but not for terpenes. A positive relationship between growth and constitutive resistance was also found likely due to reduced physiological constraints under suitable conditions in the glasshouse experiment.
- Our study provides evidence and support for the RAHintra, highlighting the strong influence of resource availability in shaping genetically based patterns of local adaptive variation among populations. We detected clinal patterns in phenolic investment along a resource availability gradient, suggesting that population local adaptation to resource availability has more implications for investment in phenolics than for terpenes. Most patterns emerged only after accounting for the neutral processes in the species, not initially conceived in the RAHintra. Neutral differentiation, as a result of non‐adaptive demographic processes and population isolation, may obscure the influence of resource availability as a driver responsible of local adaptation of populations.
中文翻译：
资源可用性驱动着植物防御的微进化模式
- 制定了资源可用性假说（RAH），以弄清植物抗草食动物防御中物种之间的变异模式。最近提出了一种新的理论框架，以在物种内的种群之间扩展RAH（RAH内），但仍需要解决尚未解决的概念性问题和围绕新假设的巨大空白。
- 在这里，我们使用植物性状与气候之间的种群水平相关性作为资源可获得性的代理，测试了松树物种中的RAH帧内预测。在温室实验中，我们分析了10个海洋松种群在生长，本构和诱导的化学防御以及对草食动物的抗性方面的遗传变异。我们使用了具有家族结构的克隆复制品，并利用单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）数据说明了中性遗传分化。
- 我们的大多数结果与RAH内的预测一致。如假定的那样，增长与人口起源的资源可用性呈正相关。正如理论所预测的那样，对酚醛树脂（而不是萜烯）和抗草食动物的建设性投资也与人口起源的资源供应量呈正相关。相反，我们没有发现资源可用性与任何性状的可诱导性之间的关系。正如预期的那样，酚醛树脂的成分投资与化学防御的可诱导性之间需要权衡取舍，但萜烯则没有。在温室实验中，在适当的条件下，由于生理限制的减少，还可能发现生长与本构抗性之间存在正相关关系。
- 我们的研究为RAH内部提供了证据和支持，强调了资源可用性在塑造人群间局部适应性变异的遗传模式方面的强大影响。我们沿着资源可利用性梯度检测了酚类投资中的倾斜模式，这表明人口局部适应资源可利用性对酚类投资的影响比对萜烯的影响更大。大多数模式仅在考虑了物种的中性过程之后才出现，而最初并未在RAH内部构想。非适应性人口统计学过程和人口隔离所造成的中立差异可能会掩盖资源可得性的影响，而资源可动性不负责人口的局部适应。
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