Although organotin compounds are known to disturb thyroid signaling and antioxidant defense system, the sex-differences underlying these effects of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) in fish remain unclear. To understand these differences, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to different concentrations of TPT (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/L) for 28 days. Female zebrafish exposed to TPT showed significantly increased thyroxine (T4) content and decrease triiodothyronine (T3) content, possibly due to downregulation of deiodinase (dio2) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (ugt1ab). However, decreased T4 and T3 contents in male zebrafish accompanied with upregulation of dio1, dio2 and ugt1ab. TPT exposure can lead to sex-specific thyroid disruption in adult zebrafish via alterations the Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid-liver axis. In addition, the gene expression levels of metabolizing enzymes, such as cyp1b, cyp1c, gpx1a, or sult1st1 were also to vary in a sex-dependent manner in adult zebrafish liver. Downregulation of cyp19a and cyp19b and decreased 17β-estradiol (E2) contents were detected in both female and male zebrafish. Therefore, a sex-specific of thyroid disruption response after TPT exposure was observed in adult zebrafish, possibly due to inherent in female or males detoxifying enzyme capacities.

中文翻译：

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三苯基氯化锡 (TPT) 对成年斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 甲状腺破坏和代谢酶的性别特异性影响

尽管已知有机锡化合物会干扰甲状腺信号传导和抗氧化防御系统，但三苯基氯化锡 (TPT) 在鱼类中的这些影响背后的性别差异仍不清楚。为了解这些差异，成年斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 暴露于不同浓度的 TPT（0、10、100 或 1000 ng/L）中 28 天。暴露于 TPT 的雌性斑马鱼表现出甲状腺素 (T4) 含量显着增加和三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3) 含量降低，这可能是由于脱碘酶 (dio2) 和尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 (ugt1ab) 的下调。然而，雄性斑马鱼的 T4 和 T3 含量降低，伴随着 dio1、dio2 和 ugt1ab 的上调。TPT 暴露可通过改变下丘脑 - 垂体 - 甲状腺 - 肝轴导致成年斑马鱼的性别特异性甲状腺破坏。此外，在成年斑马鱼肝脏中，代谢酶（如 cyp1b、cyp1c、gpx1a 或 sult1st1）的基因表达水平也以性别依赖性方式变化。在雌性和雄性斑马鱼中均检测到 cyp19a 和 cyp19b 的下调以及 17β-雌二醇 (E2) 的含量降低。因此，在成年斑马鱼中观察到 TPT 暴露后甲状腺破坏反应的性别特异性，可能是由于雌性或雄性固有的解毒酶能力。