Electrical stimulation (ES) with conductive polymers can dramatically enhance neurite outgrowth and promote neural regeneration. However, besides ES, the practical applications of neural repair is also highly dependent on the nerve cell functionality and response to substrate conductivity. Therefore, the combination of the ES and suitable materials, such as tissue scaffolds, has been applied to facilitate treatment of neural injuries and demonstrated great potential in peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, polypyrrole/silk fibroin (PPy/SF) conductive composite scaffold was fabricated by 3D bioprinting and electrospinning. Schwann cells seeded on these scaffolds were electrically stimulated and hence demonstrated enhanced viability, proliferation and migration, as well as upregulated expression of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, the constructed PPy/SF conductive nerve guidance conduits accompanying with ES could effectively promote axonal regeneration and remyelination in vivo. Moreover, we found that the MAPKs signal transduction pathway was activated by ES at the conductive conduit. Our findings demonstrate that the PPy/SF conductive composite scaffolds with longitudinal guidance exhibit favorable properties for clinical use and promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

导电聚合物的电刺激（ES）可以显着增强神经突的长出并促进神经再生。但是，除了ES外，神经修复的实际应用还高度依赖于神经细胞功能和对底物电导率的响应。因此，ES和合适的材料（如组织支架）的组合已被应用于促进神经损伤的治疗，并显示出在周围神经再生中的巨大潜力。在这项研究中，聚吡咯/丝素蛋白（PPy / SF）导电复合支架是通过3D生物打印和静电纺丝制成的。电刺激接种在这些支架上的雪旺细胞，因此显示出增强的生存力，增殖和迁移以及神经营养因子的表达上调。此外，构建的PPy / SF传导神经引导导管与ES一起可以有效促进体内轴突再生和髓鞘再生。此外，我们发现MAPKs信号转导途径被ES在传导导管处激活。我们的发现表明，具有纵向指导的PPy / SF导电复合支架具有良好的临床应用性能，并能促进神经再生和功能恢复。