Liver fibrogenesis is defined as a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic injury to liver parenchyma that can result in excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis). Liver fibrogenesis, together with chronic inflammatory response, is then primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) irrespective of the specific etiology. In the present review we will first offer a synthetic and updated overview of major basic concepts in relation to the role of myofibroblasts (MFs), macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD to then offer an overview of established and emerging issues and mechanisms that have been proposed to favor and/or promote CLD progression. A special focus will be dedicated to selected issues that include emerging features in the field of cholangiopathies, the emerging role of genetic and epigenetic factors as well as of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators.

肝纤维化定义为在肝实质慢性损伤期间发生的动态且高度整合的过程，该过程可能导致细胞外基质（ECM）成分过量沉积（即肝纤维化）。然后，不管具体病因如何，肝纤维化以及慢性炎症反应都主要参与慢性肝病（CLD）的进展。在本综述中，我们将首先提供与成纤维细胞（MF），巨噬细胞和其他参与CLD的肝细胞群体的作用有关的主要基本概念的综合和更新的概述，然后概述已存在且正在出现的问题和机制，已经提出了有利和/或促进CLD进展的建议。