Abstract Euro-Mediterranean countries have undergone radical changes in their traditional landscapes due to the abandonment of rural areas. Natural vegetation rapidly colonizes abandoned lands and cause changes in ecosystem functioning. Our main objective was to study how time since abandonment of vineyards influences the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the vegetation composition and cover. In 2016, we selected a chronosequence of six abandoned vineyards (1, 3, 7, 11, 25 and 40 years), an active vineyard, and a plot of land that has not been used as a vineyard for at least the last 60 years. Soil physical-chemical variables, including the organic matter fractions and available nutrients, were analysed. To observe the variation in the biochemical properties of the soils, the activities of 11 enzymes were determined, relating to the main macronutrient cycles: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and sulphur (S) cycling. Three sites (1 m2) were randomly established on each plot within the area occupied by annual grasslands, and species cover was estimated in order to obtain the species density and cover of plant functional traits. Our results showed that the abandonment caused major changes in the functioning of the ecosystems. Secondary succession in abandoned vineyards was characterized by a significant increase in plant species density and by changes in the composition of the annual grasslands, from an early brassicaceous community to a late cistaceous community. This was accompanied by an increase in soil TOC (0.38–1.78%) and TN (0.14 to 0.26 %) content, and the activity of most enzymes. These changes occurred more rapidly during the first two decades after abadonment.

中文翻译：

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废弃葡萄园的土壤和植被动态

摘要 由于农村地区的废弃，欧洲地中海国家的传统景观发生了根本性的变化。自然植被迅速占领废弃土地并导致生态系统功能发生变化。我们的主要目标是研究自废弃葡萄园以来的时间如何影响土壤的物理、化学和生物特性以及植被组成和覆盖。2016 年，我们选择了六个废弃葡萄园（1、3、7、11、25 和 40 年）、一个活跃的葡萄园和一块至少在过去 60 年中没有被用作葡萄园的土地的时间序列. 分析了土壤物理化学变量，包括有机质部分和有效养分。为了观察土壤生化特性的变化，测定了 11 种酶的活性，与主要的常量营养素循环有关：碳 (C)、氮 (N)、磷 (P) 和硫 (S) 循环。在一年生草地覆盖的区域内，每个样地随机设置3个样点（1 m2），估算物种盖度，以获得植物功能性状的物种密度和盖度。我们的结果表明，废弃导致生态系统功能发生重大变化。废弃葡萄园的次生演替的特点是植物物种密度显着增加，一年生草原的组成发生变化，从早期的芸苔科群落到晚霜期群落。这伴随着土壤 TOC（0.38-1.78%）和 TN（0.14-0.26%）含量以及大多数酶活性的增加。