Abstract Livestock ranching is one of the most important economic activities of the planet but is also associated with negative environmental impacts. Ranching can also exacerbate social inequality by displacing vulnerable rural populations from access to land and decisions over land use. The large-scale ranching typical of the Paraguayan Chaco, and the small scale ranching typical of northwestern Bolivia, represent two contrasting cases of livestock expansion in Latin America. These two distinct contexts are used to evaluate best practices for sustainable ranching at different scales. In particular, how ranching practices can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Technical assistance was provided to both the large private ranchers as well as to the indigenous communities focusing on pasture cultivation and management, recovery of native pastures, rotational grazing, improved fire management through the use of burn calendars and no burn zones. The success of these interventions in reducing forest loss was measured by evaluating the increase in carrying capacity, considered synonymous with stocking rates in Paraguay and hrough measurement of above green matter. Success in improving animal health and reproductive output was monitored through interviews and periodic blood and fecal sample analysis. Interviews were also carried out to evaluate mitigation of conflicts between carnivores and livestock. The impact of interventions to promote participation and equity was evaluated using complementarity of planning instruments with indigenous territorial plans and indigenous population size. Intensification of agricultural production, this is increasing productivity rates through more efficient gazing management per unit of land already in use as an alternative to horizontal land use expansion, helped reduce forest loss both in areas managed by large private ranchers as well as those managed by small scale indigenous ranchers, and contributed to the achievement of SDG 15. In the case of Paraguay improved ranching practices that minimize environmental impacts while increasing profitability of production, have enabled positive results for conservation but, the limited progress in the recognition of indigenous territorial rights and more recent development of territorial planning capacity at the municipal level are obstacles to achieving greater co-benefits for social equity (SDG 10). Indigenous territorial rights and territorial management capacity in the Leco and T'simane Mosetene indigenous lands reduce inequality (SDG 10) by empowering indigenous small-scale ranchers, and securing their equal access to land and natural resources. Clear land allowed them to implement conservation and sustainable ranching plans leading to improved productivity relevant for SDG 2 and also enabled them to leverage respect and support for their territorial management vision from protected area and municipal authorities. The impact of improved ranching practices with large private ranchers resulted in greater impacts on the reduction of forest loss (SDG 15) but impacts on social inclusion (SDG 10) were only achieved in Bolivia due to the existence of indigenous territorial capacity.

中文翻译：

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在巴拉圭的大型私有财产和玻利维亚的集体土著土地中协调养牛场与生物多样性和社会包容目标

摘要 畜牧业是地球上最重要的经济活动之一，但也与负面的环境影响有关。放牧还可能使脆弱的农村人口无法获得土地并无法决定土地使用，从而加剧社会不平等。巴拉圭查科典型的大规模牧场和玻利维亚西北部典型的小规模牧场，代表了拉丁美洲牲畜扩张的两个对比案例。这两个不同的背景用于评估不同规模的可持续牧场的最佳实践。特别是牧场实践如何有助于实现可持续发展目标。向大型私人牧场主以及专注于牧场种植和管理的土著社区提供了技术援助，恢复原生牧场、轮牧、通过使用燃烧日历和无燃烧区改进火灾管理。这些干预措施在减少森林损失方面的成功是通过评估承载能力的增加来衡量的，承载能力被认为是巴拉圭的放养率和通过测量上述绿色物质的同义词。通过访谈和定期血液和粪便样本分析监测改善动物健康和生殖产量的成功。还进行了访谈以评估食肉动物和牲畜之间冲突的缓解情况。利用规划工具与土著领土计划和土著人口规模的互补性，评估了促进参与和公平的干预措施的影响。农业生产集约化，这是通过对每单位已在使用的土地进行更有效的凝视管理来提高生产率，作为横向土地使用扩展的替代方案，有助于减少大型私人牧场主管理的地区以及小型土著牧场主管理的地区的森林损失，以及为实现可持续发展目标 15 做出了贡献。就巴拉圭而言，改善了牧场做法，最大限度地减少了环境影响，同时提高了生产的盈利能力，为保护取得了积极成果，但在承认土著领土权利和最近的领土发展方面进展有限市政层面的规划能力是实现更大的社会公平协同效益的障碍（可持续发展目标 10）。Leco 和 T' 的土著领土权利和领土管理能力 simane Mosetene 土著土地通过赋予土著小规模牧场主权力并确保他们平等获得土地和自然资源来减少不平等（可持续发展目标 10）。干净的土地使他们能够实施保护和可持续牧场计划，从而提高与可持续发展目标 2 相关的生产力，并使他们能够利用保护区和市政当局对其领土管理愿景的尊重和支持。大型私人牧场主改善牧场做法的影响对减少森林损失（可持续发展目标 15）产生了更大的影响，但由于土著领土容量的存在，仅在玻利维亚实现了对社会包容性的影响（可持续发展目标 10）。并确保他们平等获得土地和自然资源。干净的土地使他们能够实施保护和可持续牧场计划，从而提高与可持续发展目标 2 相关的生产力，并使他们能够利用保护区和市政当局对其领土管理愿景的尊重和支持。大型私人牧场主改善牧场做法的影响对减少森林损失（可持续发展目标 15）产生了更大的影响，但由于土著领土容量的存在，仅在玻利维亚实现了对社会包容性的影响（可持续发展目标 10）。并确保他们平等获得土地和自然资源。干净的土地使他们能够实施保护和可持续牧场计划，从而提高与可持续发展目标 2 相关的生产力，并使他们能够利用保护区和市政当局对其领土管理愿景的尊重和支持。大型私人牧场主改善牧场做法的影响对减少森林损失（可持续发展目标 15）产生了更大的影响，但由于土著领土容量的存在，仅在玻利维亚实现了对社会包容性的影响（可持续发展目标 10）。干净的土地使他们能够实施保护和可持续牧场计划，从而提高与可持续发展目标 2 相关的生产力，并使他们能够利用保护区和市政当局对其领土管理愿景的尊重和支持。大型私人牧场主改善牧场做法的影响对减少森林损失（可持续发展目标 15）产生了更大的影响，但由于土著领土容量的存在，仅在玻利维亚实现了对社会包容性的影响（可持续发展目标 10）。干净的土地使他们能够实施保护和可持续牧场计划，从而提高与可持续发展目标 2 相关的生产力，并使他们能够利用保护区和市政当局对其领土管理愿景的尊重和支持。大型私人牧场主改善牧场做法的影响对减少森林损失（可持续发展目标 15）产生了更大的影响，但由于土著领土容量的存在，仅在玻利维亚实现了对社会包容性的影响（可持续发展目标 10）。