Honey bees are one of the most important social insects in the world. Genetic markers are powerful tools for differentiating honey bee subspecies. The purpose of the present research was the introduction of a new barcoding marker and assessment of the accuracy and discriminatory abilities of ND4, ND4L, ND6 genes and related intergenic spacers for the phylogenetic study of Iranian honey bees. Sampling was conducted throughout Iran (30 locations). ND4–ND4L–ND6 (with their ITS regions) demonstrated the most accurate analysis for the phylogenetic study of Iranian honey bees compared with ND4–ND4L (with ITS1) and ND4L–ND6 (with ITS2, ITS3, ITS4 and ITS5 regions). Additionally, the findings illustrated that all the collected honey bee samples were A. m. meda except those collected from the Kolachay area which were classified as A. m. carnica. Ten haplotypes were identified in the Iranian honey bee populations using the mitochondrial sequences of ND4–ND4L–ND6. Two main haplogroups were identified in the distribution range of the sampled areas. The samples of haplotype 1 containing the shortest sequence length (1580 bp), found in the Qazvin, Marand, Najafabad, Firuzkuh, Gonabad, Ilam, Birjand, Dehdasht, Sarpole-Zahab, Sanandaj, Borojerd, Sari, Zahedan and Shahrekurd samples, were grouped with A. m. meda KY464957. Moreover, the samples of haplotype 3 containing the longest sequence length (1588 bp) and found in the Kerman samples, was grouped with Bileh Savar and Soltaniyeh.

中文翻译：

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基于ND4、ND4L和ND6的线粒体基因及其内部转录间隔区的伊朗蜜蜂Apis mellifera meda的遗传特征

蜜蜂是世界上最重要的社会昆虫之一。遗传标记是区分蜜蜂亚种的有力工具。本研究的目的是引入新的条形码标记并评估 ND4、ND4L、ND6 基因和相关基因间间隔区的准确性和区分能力，用于伊朗蜜蜂的系统发育研究。抽样是在整个伊朗（30 个地点）进行的。与 ND4-ND4L（带有 ITS1）和 ND4L-ND6（带有 ITS2、ITS3、ITS4 和 ITS5 区域）相比，ND4-ND4L-ND6（带有它们的 ITS 区域）对伊朗蜜蜂的系统发育研究进行了最准确的分析。此外，研究结果表明，所有收集的蜜蜂样本都是 A. m. 除了从 Kolachay 地区收集的被归类为 A. m. 卡尼卡。使用 ND4-ND4L-ND6 的线粒体序列在伊朗蜜蜂种群中鉴定了 10 个单倍型。在采样区域的分布范围内确定了两个主要的单倍群。在 Qazvin、Marand、Najafabad、Firuzkuh、Gonabad、Ilam、Birjand、Dehdasht、Sarpole-Zahab、Sanandaj、Borojerd、Sari、Zahedan 和 Shahrekurd 样本中发现的包含最短序列长度（1580 bp）的单倍型 1 样本是与 A. m. 分组 梅达 KY464957。此外，在克尔曼样本中发现的包含最长序列长度（1588 bp）的单倍型 3 样本与 Bileh Savar 和 Soltaniyeh 分组。在 Qazvin、Marand、Najafabad、Firuzkuh、Gonabad、Ilam、Birjand、Dehdasht、Sarpole-Zahab、Sanandaj、Borojerd、Sari、Zahedan 和 Shahrekurd 样本中发现的包含最短序列长度（1580 bp）的单倍型 1 样本是与 A. m. 分组 梅达 KY464957。此外，在克尔曼样本中发现的包含最长序列长度（1588 bp）的单倍型 3 样本与 Bileh Savar 和 Soltaniyeh 分组。在 Qazvin、Marand、Najafabad、Firuzkuh、Gonabad、Ilam、Birjand、Dehdasht、Sarpole-Zahab、Sanandaj、Borojerd、Sari、Zahedan 和 Shahrekurd 样本中发现的包含最短序列长度（1580 bp）的单倍型 1 样本是与 A. m. 分组 梅达 KY464957。此外，在克尔曼样本中发现的包含最长序列长度（1588 bp）的单倍型 3 样本与 Bileh Savar 和 Soltaniyeh 分组。