Abstract

The removal of a set of contaminations consisting of hardness salts, iron, humic substances, and microorganisms by using a unit combining electrochemical treatment and filtration is investigated. Constructively, the electrochemical unit is based on the flask of a standard domestic water filter equipped with a filtering cartridge, in the form of hollow cylinder, filled with sintered activated carbon. A graphite anode is placed on the inside of the cartridge, and a steel mesh cathode is placed coaxially outside the cartridge. In experiments, we use tap water from the Kiev’s water supply network characterized by a total hardness of 4.5 mg-eq/L (the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions are 70 and 12 mg/L, respectively) and a carbonate alkalinity of 3.6 mg-eq/L. Model solutions are prepared by adding either iron(II) (as FeCl₂) or humic acid to water to a concentration of 7 and 20 mg/L, respectively; Bacillus subtilis is also added to a concentration of 10⁴ CFU/L. To evaluate the effectiveness of using the filtering cartridge, water electrolysis is carried out in two configurations: in the presence and absence of the filtering cartridge, without separating the electrode compartments. In experiments without the cartridge, the current slightly decreases from 0.5 to 0.45 A (i.e., by only 10%), while the hardness falls by only 12%. In experiments with the cartridge, the current falls to a steady value amounting to 40% of its initial value, while the hardness falls from 4.6 to 0.28 mg-eq/L (i.e., by 93%) and the concentrations of iron, humic substances, and bacteria decrease from 7 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 5 × 10⁴ CFU/mL to 0.01 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 0 CFU/mL, respectively. The energy consumption of the unit is up to 2 kWh/m³.

中文翻译：

---

使用带滤筒的电解装置对水进行软化和消毒

摘要

研究了使用电化学处理和过滤相结合的装置去除一系列由硬盐，铁，腐殖质和微生物组成的污染物。在结构上，电化学单元是基于标准家用滤水器的烧瓶，该滤水器配有中空圆柱体形式的滤筒，并装有烧结活性炭。石墨阳极放置在滤芯的内部，钢网阴极同轴放置在滤芯的外部。在实验中，我们使用来自基辅供水网络的自来水，其特征是总硬度为4.5 mg-eq / L（钙和镁离子的浓度分别为70和12 mg / L）和碳酸盐碱度为3.6 mg -eq / L。通过添加铁（II）（如FeCl）制备模型溶液₂）或腐殖酸与水的浓度分别为7和20 mg / L；枯草芽孢杆菌也要添加到浓度10 ⁴CFU /升。为了评估使用滤筒的有效性，以两种配置进行水电解：在有滤筒的情况下和没有滤筒的情况下，不分离电极室。在没有墨盒的实验中，电流从0.5 A略微降低至0.45 A（即仅降低10％），而硬度仅降低12％。在使用墨盒的实验中，电流降至其初始值的40％的稳定值，而硬度从4.6降至0.28 mg-eq / L（即降低了93％），并且铁，腐殖质的浓度降低了，细菌从7 mg / L，20 mg / L和5×10 ⁴ CFU / mL分别降至0.01 mg / L，1 mg / L和0 CFU / mL。该设备的能耗高达2 kWh / m ³。