Quartz-based hunter-gatherer lithic technology is present around the world. It occurs particularly where the Precambrian crystalline basement outcrops, including South Africa, Northern Europe, North America and large areas of South America. However, little effort has been made to try to characterize its chemical composition to help understand either mobility strategies or exchange networks. We report here the results of a preliminary methodological approach comparing the chemical characterization of quartz from archaeological sites (quarries and residential types) and geological sources through different techniques: X-Ray Fluorescence, X-Ray Diffraction, SEM and EPMA analyses. The detection of trace elements from quartz outcrops and its comparison with artifacts from residential archaeological sites from the Ongamira valley (a mountainous region of Central Argentina) was undertaken in this work. The archaeological samples came from layers radiocarbon-dated to the Late Holocene (between ca. 3600 BP to 3000 BP) and are related to nomadic hunter-gatherer societies where the use of quartz for technology was predominant (representing more than 90 percent of the tools and debris in each archaeological site). As a result of the comparison, it was possible to establish positive or negative relationships between some of the quartz samples from the residential locus and the geological sources. Some results showed that the nearest quarries to the residential sites were not used at the residential camp. On the other hand, it was also possible to establish that non-local quartz outcrops located far away from the Ongamira valley were not present at any of the Ongamira sites. This shows us that rock procurement was oriented to the selective use of local raw material and therefore a low-range mobility strategy. Finally, it may be related to better local environmental conditions in the Late Holocene, when people did not need to travel so far for other resources or purposes.

中文翻译：

---

通过XRF，XRD和SEM用石英石技术追踪阿根廷南部潘庞山丘陵的古代人运动：初步报告

基于石英的狩猎采集石器技术在世界各地都存在。特别是在前寒武纪晶体基底露头的地方，包括南非，北欧，北美和南美大片地区。但是，人们几乎没有做出任何努力来表征其化学成分，以帮助理解迁移策略或交换网络。我们在这里报告了一种初步方法学方法的结果，该方法学通过不同的技术比较了考古遗址（采石场和住宅类型）和地质来源的石英的化学特性：X射线荧光，X射线衍射，SEM和EPMA分析。在这项工作中，对石英露头中的痕量元素进行了检测，并将其与翁加米拉河谷（阿根廷中部山区）的住宅考古遗址的文物进行了比较。考古样本来自放射性碳年代至晚全新世（约3600 BP至3000 BP之间），并且与游牧猎人-采集器社会有关，其中石英在技术中占主导地位（占工具的90％以上）和每个考古遗址中的碎片）。作为比较的结果，可以在来自居住场所的一些石英样品与地质源之间建立正或负关系。一些结果表明，离居民点最近的采石场并未在居民营中使用。另一方面，还可以确定，在Ongamira的任何地点都不存在远离Ongamira山谷的非本地石英露头。这向我们表明，岩石采购是针对本地原材料的选择性使用，因此是一种低距离机动性策略。最后，这可能与全新世晚期当地环境条件的改善有关，当时人们不需要为了其他资源或目的而走那么远。