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Is range expansion of introduced Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius ) in Denmark limited by winter cold tolerance?
Plant Ecology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11258-020-01044-x
Jacob Winde , Mads Sønderkær , Kåre L. Nielsen , Majken Pagter

Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) is a global invasive species disrupting native species and habitats in several parts of the world. Its natural distribution spans across Europe, but seeds have also been transferred between countries, mixing plants of different genetic origins. In Denmark, Scotch broom consists of two gene pools: one is found in relatively small populations and is considered native; the other one is presumably introduced and is spreading as a noxious weed. To assess climate thresholds controlling the geographic ranges of the two gene pools, we evaluated seasonal changes in freezing tolerance (electrolyte leakage) and underlying variations in carbohydrate metabolism (HPLC) and water status of genetically different source populations representing the two gene pools. The data reveal that the introduced type is less freezing tolerant than the native type with differences being greatest in early autumn and when plants are most cold hardy, lending support to the hypothesis that insufficient freezing tolerance currently limits range expansion of the introduced Danish Scotch broom. In both gene pools, parallel increases in freezing tolerance and concentrations of sucrose and raffinose and decreasing levels of starch indicate the mobilization of soluble sugars from storage carbohydrates to achieve maximum freezing tolerance. However, genotypic differences in freezing tolerance are not explained by differences in carbohydrate metabolism, but may be related to different water contents. The observed low temperature limit for the introduced C. scoparius could provide valuable information for building process-based species distribution models predicting its geographic distribution and range shift following climate change.



中文翻译:

丹麦引入的苏格兰扫帚(Cytisus scoparius)的范围扩展是否受到冬季耐寒性的限制?

苏格兰扫帚(Cytisus scoparius)是一种全球入侵物种,破坏了世界各地的本地物种和栖息地。它的自然分布遍及欧洲,但种子也已在国家之间转移,混合了不同遗传来源的植物。在丹麦,苏格兰扫帚由两个基因库组成:一个发现于相对较小的种群中,被认为是本地的;另一个被认为是原生的。另一种可能是引入并以有害杂草的形式传播。为了评估控制两个基因库地理范围的气候阈值,我们评估了冷冻耐受性(电解质渗漏)的季节性变化以及代表两个基因库的遗传上不同来源种群的碳水化合物代谢(HPLC)和水状态的潜在变化。数据显示,引入的类型比天然类型的耐寒性差,在秋季初秋和植物最耐寒时差异最大,这为以下假设提供了支持:目前的低温耐受性不足会限制引入的丹麦苏格兰扫帚的范围扩展。在两个基因库中,冷冻耐受性和蔗糖和棉子糖浓度的平行增加以及淀粉水平的降低表明从储存碳水化合物中调动可溶性糖以达到最大冷冻耐受性。但是,耐冷冻性的基因型差异不能用碳水化合物代谢差异来解释,而可能与含水量不同有关。所观察到的低温极限 支持以下假设:冷冻耐受性不足,目前限制了引入的丹麦苏格兰扫帚的范围扩展。在两个基因库中,冷冻耐受性和蔗糖和棉子糖浓度的平行增加以及淀粉水平的降低表明从储存碳水化合物中调动可溶性糖以达到最大冷冻耐受性。但是,耐冷冻性的基因型差异不能通过碳水化合物代谢差异来解释,而可能与含水量不同有关。所观察到的低温极限 支持以下假设:冷冻耐受性不足,目前限制了引入的丹麦苏格兰扫帚的范围扩展。在两个基因库中,冷冻耐受性和蔗糖和棉子糖浓度的平行增加以及淀粉水平的降低表明从储存碳水化合物中调动可溶性糖以达到最大冷冻耐受性。然而,冷冻耐受性的基因型差异不能通过碳水化合物代谢差异来解释,而可能与不同的水分含量有关。所观察到的低温极限 冷冻耐受性和蔗糖和棉子糖浓度的平行增加以及淀粉含量的降低表明从储存碳水化合物中调动可溶性糖类以达到最大的冷冻耐受性。然而,冷冻耐受性的基因型差异不能通过碳水化合物代谢差异来解释,而可能与不同的水分含量有关。所观察到的低温极限 冷冻耐受性和蔗糖和棉子糖浓度的平行增加以及淀粉含量的降低表明从储存碳水化合物中调动可溶性糖以达到最大的冷冻耐受性。但是,耐冷冻性的基因型差异不能通过碳水化合物代谢差异来解释,而可能与含水量不同有关。所观察到的低温极限C. scoparius可以为建立基于过程的物种分布模型提供有价值的信息,以预测其地理分布和气候变化后的范围变化。

更新日期:2020-06-07
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