Within Enugu and Anambra States, Nigeria, identification of fishes has been based on morphological traits and do not account for existing biodiversity. For DNA barcoding, assessment of biodiversity, conservation and fishery management, 44 fish sampled from Enugu and Anambra States were isolated, amplified and sequenced with mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Twenty groups clustering at 100% bootstrap value including monophyletic ones were identified. The phylogenetic diversity (PD) ranged from 0.0397 (Synodontis obesus) to 0.2147 (Parachanna obscura). The highest percentage of genetic distance based on Kimura 2-parameter was 37.00 ± 0.0400. Intergeneric distances ranged from 15.8000 to 37.0000%. Congeneric distances were 6.9000 ± 0.0140–28.1000 ± 0.0380, with Synodontis as the existing synonymous genus. Confamilial distances in percentage were 16.0000 ± 0.0140 and 25.7000 ± 0.0300. Forty-two haplotypes and haplotype diversity of 0.9990 ± 0.0003 were detected. Nucleotide diversity was 0.7372, while Fu and Li’s D* test statistic was 2.1743 (P < 0.02). Tajima’s D was 0.2424 (P > 0.10) and nucleotide frequencies were C (17.70%), T (29.40%), A (24.82%), G (18.04%) and A + T (54.22%). Transitional mutations were more than transversions. Twenty species (99–100%) were identified with the e-value, maximum coverage and bit-score of 1e−43, 99–100 and 185–1194, respectively. Seventeen genera and 12 families were found and Clariidae (n = 14) was the most dominant among other families. The fish species resolution, diversity assessment and phylogenetic relationships were successfully obtained with the COI marker. Clariidae had the highest number of genera and families. Phylogenetic diversity analysis identified Parachanna obscura as the most evolutionarily divergent one. This study will contribute to fishery management, and conservation of freshwater fishes in Enugu and Anambra States, Nigeria.

在尼日利亚的埃努古和阿南布拉州，鱼类的鉴定是基于形态特征，而不是考虑到现有的生物多样性。对于DNA条形码，生物多样性评估，保护和渔业管理，从线粒体和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）中分离，扩增和测序了44种从Enugu和Anambra州取样的鱼。确定了20个以100％自举值聚集的组，包括单一系统的。系统发育多样性（PD）范围从0.0397（Syodontis obesus）到0.2147（Parachanna obscura）。基于木村2参数的遗传距离的最高百分比是37.00±0.0400。属际距离从15.8000％到37.0000％。同类距离为6.9000±0.0140–28.1000±0.0380，牙龈炎作为现有的同义词属。区间距离百分比为16.0000±0.0140和25.7000±0.0300。检测到42个单倍型和0.9990±0.0003的单倍型多样性。核苷酸多样性为0.7372，而Fu和Li的D *检验统计值为2.1743（P <0.02）。Tajima的D为0.2424（P> 0.10），核苷酸频率为C（17.70％），T（29.40％），A（24.82％），G（18.04％）和A + T（54.22％）。过渡突变不仅仅是颠覆。鉴定出20种（99–100％）的e值，最大覆盖率和位得分分别为1e-43、99-100和185-1194。发现了17个属和12个科，其中科（Cariidae）（n = 14）是其他科中最主要的科。使用COI标记成功获得了鱼类的分辨率，多样性评估和系统发育关系。ari科的属和科数量最多。系统发育多样性分析已确定Parachanna obscura是进化上最分歧的一种。这项研究将有助于尼日利亚的埃努古和阿南布拉州的渔业管理和淡水鱼类的养护。