The human body is able to process and transport a complex variety of carbohydrates, unlocking their nutritional value as energy source or as important building block. The endogenous glycosyl hydrolases (glycosidases) and glycosyl transporter proteins located in the enterocytes of the small intestine play a crucial role in this process and digest and/or transport nutritional sugars based on their structural features. It is for these reasons that glycosidases and glycosyl transporters are interesting therapeutic targets to combat sugar related diseases (such as diabetes) or to improve drug delivery. In this review we provide a detailed overview focused on the molecular structure of the substrates involved as a solid base to start from and to fuel research in the area of therapeutics and diagnostics.

人体能够处理和运输各种复杂的碳水化合物，释放它们作为能源或重要组成部分的营养价值。位于小肠肠细胞中的内源性糖基水解酶（糖苷酶）和糖基转运蛋白在此过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，并根据其结构特征消化和/或运输营养糖。正是由于这些原因，糖苷酶和糖基转运蛋白成为对抗糖相关疾病（例如糖尿病）或改善药物输送的有趣的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们提供了详细的概述，重点关注所涉及底物的分子结构，作为治疗和诊断领域研究的坚实基础。