Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) is a novel biomarker of sepsis used for early diagnosis. Originally, CD14 is known as the pattern recognition receptor for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LBP complexes, and the diagnostic value of this molecule for gram-positive bacteria, which contain less amount of LPS, is uncertain. To confirm its effectiveness in the diagnosis of bacteremia caused by gram positive bacteria, and to evaluate the interspecies difference of presepsin production against various bacterial strains, we conducted an in vitro assay to evaluate presepsin levels in response to five Gram negative and four Gram positive bacteria. Whole blood was yielded from five healthy volunteers and co-cultured with bacterial strains at 37 °C for 4 h. Twenty seven clinical isolates of nine species (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. cereus, and C. striatum) derived from blood cultures of non-neutropenic bacteremia patients were used. Culture supernatants were harvested and presepsin levels were measured. The presepsin level in the gram-negative bacteria 273 (218–352) pg/mL was significantly higher than in the gram-positive bacteria 200 (143–275) pg/mL (p = 0.0002). The presepsin levels were significantly lower in C. striatum, in comparison to other bacteria, and S. pyogenes showed similar results. And the presepsin levels in P. aeruginosa were significantly lower compared to E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. Presepsin production can also be evoked by gram-positive bacteria, and interspecies differences of presepsin response may exist, which should be considered in the diagnosis of sepsis, especially in certain gram-positive bacteremia such as S. pyogenes or C. striatum.

中文翻译：

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防腐酶能否对各种病原体做出统一反应？-新败血症标记的体外测定。

败血症（可溶性CD14亚型）是脓毒症的一种新型生物标志物，可用于早期诊断。最初，CD14被称为脂多糖（LPS）/ LBP复合物的模式识别受体，并且该分子对革兰氏阳性细菌的诊断价值尚不确定，而革兰氏阳性细菌的LPS含量较少。为了确认其在革兰氏阳性菌引起的菌血症诊断中的有效性，并评估各种不同菌株对葡萄球菌素的种间差异，我们进行了一项体外测定，以评估五种革兰氏阴性菌和四种革兰氏阳性菌的前体蛋白酶水平。从五名健康志愿者那里采集全血，并与细菌菌株在37°C下共培养4 h。九种菌种的二十七个临床分离株（大肠杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌，阴沟肠杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌，S。使用了来自非中性粒细胞性菌血症患者血液培养的嗜麦芽孢杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，化脓性链球菌，蜡状芽孢杆菌和纹状梭菌）。收获培养物上清液，并测量防腐酶水平。革兰氏阴性菌273（218-352）pg / mL中的葡萄球菌蛋白酶水平显着高于革兰氏阳性菌200（143-275）pg / mL中的蛋白酶（p = 0.0002）。与其他细菌相比，纹状体梭菌中的胃蛋白酶水平显着降低，化脓性链球菌显示出相似的结果。与绿脓杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌和金黄色葡萄球菌相比，铜绿假单胞菌中的胃蛋白酶水平显着降低。革兰氏阳性菌也可能引起葡萄球菌蛋白酶的产生，并且种间差异可能会导致葡萄球菌蛋白酶的反应，这在败血症的诊断中应予以考虑，