With the rapid development of communications and computing, the concept of connected vehicles emerges to improve driving safety, traffic efficiency and the infotainment experience. Due to the limited capabilities of sensors and information processing on a single vehicle, vehicular networks (VNETs) play a vital role for the realization of connected vehicles. To achieve closer cooperation on the road, ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLCs) become the indispensable components of future VNETs. However, traditional wireless networks are designed with the objective of maximizing spectral and energy efficiency regardless of adequate consideration of URLLCs. To this end, this article investigates the challenges and solutions of conceiving URLLC VNETs dedicated for connected vehicles. Specifically, the underlying application scenarios are first presented with various vehicular communication patterns. Then, the URLLC requirements and potential challenges are discussed for VNETs. We also discuss the solutions to establish URLLC VNETs from the aspects of the physical and media access control layers, including the optimization frameworks for latency and reliability, as well as the case studies of employing such frameworks. Finally, several open research directions are pointed out.

中文翻译：

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联网车辆的超可靠和低延迟通信：挑战和解决方案


随着通信和计算的快速发展，互联车辆的概念应运而生，以提高驾驶安全、交通效率和信息娱乐体验。由于单个车辆上的传感器和信息处理能力有限，车辆网络（VNET）对于实现互联车辆起着至关重要的作用。为了实现道路上更紧密的合作，超可靠和低延迟通信（URLLC）成为未来VNET不可或缺的组成部分。然而，传统无线网络的设计目标是最大化频谱和能量效率，而没有充分考虑 URLLC。为此，本文研究了专门用于互联车辆的 URLLC VNET 的挑战和解决方案。具体来说，首先以各种车载通信模式呈现底层应用场景。然后，讨论了 VNET 的 URLLC 要求和潜在挑战。我们还从物理和媒体访问控制层方面讨论了建立URLLC VNET的解决方案，包括延迟和可靠性的优化框架以及采用此类框架的案例研究。最后指出了几个开放的研究方向。