Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder caused by a combination of genetic variations and exposure to environmental insults. Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are a prominent and ubiquitous feature of many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. There is growing interest in uncovering the mechanistic link between schizophrenia and circadian rhythms, which may directly affect disorder outcomes. In this review, we explore the interaction between schizophrenia and circadian rhythms from 2 complementary angles. First, we review evidence that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances constitute a fundamental component of schizophrenia, as supported by both human studies and animal models with genetic mutations related to schizophrenia. Second, we discuss the idea that circadian rhythm disruption interacts with existing risk factors for schizophrenia to promote schizophrenia-relevant behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities. Understanding the mechanistic link between schizophrenia and circadian rhythms will have implications for mitigating risk to the disorder and informing the development of circadian-based therapies.

精神分裂症是由遗传变异和暴露于环境侵害共同导致的多因素疾病。睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱是包括精神分裂症在内的许多精神疾病的突出且普遍存在的特征。人们对发现精神分裂症和昼夜节律之间的机制联系越来越感兴趣，这可能直接影响疾病的结果。在这篇综述中，我们从两个互补的角度探讨了精神分裂症和昼夜节律之间的相互作用。首先，我们审查了证据，证明睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱是精神分裂症的基本组成部分，这一点得到了人类研究和与精神分裂症相关的基因突变的动物模型的支持。第二，我们讨论了昼夜节律紊乱与精神分裂症的现有危险因素相互作用以促进精神分裂症相关的行为和神经生物学异常的想法。理解精神分裂症和昼夜节律之间的机械联系将对减轻该疾病的风险并告知以昼夜节律为基础的疗法的发展具有重要意义。