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Common mutations of interest in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: how common are common mutations in ALS genes?
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 , DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1779060
Benedetta Perrone 1 , Francesca Luisa Conforti 1
Affiliation  

Introduction

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease predominantly affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Diagnosis of this devastating pathology is very difficult because the high degree of clinical heterogeneity with which it occurs and until now, no truly effective treatment exists.

Areas covered

Molecular diagnosis may be a valuable tool for dissecting out ALS complex heterogeneity and for identifying new molecular mechanisms underlying the characteristic selective degeneration and death of motor neurons. To date, pathogenic variants in ALS genes are known to be present in up to 70% of familial and 10% of apparently sporadic ALS cases and can be associated with risks for ALS only or risks for other neurodegenerative diseases. This paper shows the procedure currently used in diagnostic laboratories to investigate most frequent mutations in ALS and evaluating the utility of involved molecular techniques as potential tools to discriminate ‘common mutations’ in ALS patients.

Expert opinion

Genetic testing may allow for establishing an accurate pathological diagnosis and a more precise stratification of patient groups in future drug trials.



中文翻译:

肌萎缩侧索硬化诊断中的常见突变:ALS 基因的常见突变有多常见?

介绍

肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS) 是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病,主要影响上下运动神经元。这种破坏性病理的诊断非常困难,因为它发生的临床异质性程度很高,并且直到现在还没有真正有效的治疗方法。

覆盖区域

分子诊断可能是剖析 ALS 复杂异质性和识别运动神经元特征性选择性退化和死亡的新分子机制的宝贵工具。迄今为止,已知 ALS 基因的致病变异存在于多达 70% 的家族性 ALS 病例和 10% 的明显散发性 ALS 病例中,并且可能仅与 ALS 风险或其他神经退行性疾病风险相关。本文展示了诊断实验室目前使用的程序,用于调查 ALS 中最常见的突变,并评估相关分子技术作为识别 ALS 患者“常见突变”的潜在工具的效用。

专家意见

基因检测可能允许在未来的药物试验中建立准确的病理诊断和更精确的患者组分层。

更新日期:2020-08-03
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