Abstract

Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide used worldwide. Since azoxystrobin spreads to large areas, its toxic effects on non-target organisms have aroused interest. In this study, the acute toxicity (96 h) of azoxystrobin on the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was examined by using various biomarkers. The 96 h-LC₅₀ dose (1656 mg L⁻) and its three sub-doses (828, 414, 207 mg L⁻¹) were applied to crayfish. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were increased significantly compared to the control in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity decreased significantly in hepatopancreas. Level of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased significantly. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in a dose-dependent manner in all azoxystrobin treatments with the exception of the lowest dose (207 mg L^-1)treatment. ATPases (Na⁺/K⁺ -ATPase, Mg²⁺ -ATPase, Ca²⁺ -ATPase, total ATPase) were significantly inhibited in gill and muscle tissues. The results of the present study indicate that azoxystrobin induces oxidative stress, and has adverse effects on activities of AChE and ATPases in crayfish.

摘要

嘧菌酯是世界范围内使用的广谱杀菌剂。由于嘧菌酯广泛传播，其对非靶标生物的毒性作用引起了人们的兴趣。在这项研究中，通过使用各种生物标志物检测了嘧菌酯对小龙虾（Astacus leptodactylus）的急性毒性（96 小时）。96 h-LC ₅₀剂量（1656 mg L ^-）及其三个子剂量（828、414、207 mg L ^-1) 被应用于小龙虾。与肝胰腺、鳃和肌肉组织中的对照相比，超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 活性显着增加。肝胰腺中乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性升高，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性显着降低。还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的水平显着下降。除了最低剂量 (207 mg L ^-1 ) 处理外，所有嘧菌酯处理中丙二醛 (MDA) 的含量均以剂量依赖性方式增加。ATP酶（Na ⁺ /K ⁺ -ATPase、Mg ²⁺ -ATPase、Ca ²⁺-ATPase，总 ATPase）在鳃和肌肉组织中被显着抑制。本研究的结果表明，嘧菌酯会诱导氧化应激，并对小龙虾的 AChE 和 ATP 酶的活性产生不利影响。