Ganoderma lucidum is a rich and promising source of bioactive compounds capable of positively influencing the human health. For this reason, G. lucidum is the target of vigorous investigational activities, focusing on the extraction of substances with potential biomedical applications, as well as on the improvement of analytical methodologies for their screening. In the present study, three different extraction processes (i.e., extraction with n-hexane, in Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane and reflux with chloroform) were employed to evaluate the lipid content of G. lucidum spores. The experimental data from the produced extracts were compared with ones from the commercial liquid extract obtained with supercritical CO2 extraction of G. lucidum spores. To achieve this goal, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methodology was optimized for an accurate and reliable identification and quantification of fatty acids in triglycerides of G. lucidum spores. Significant amounts of oleic and palmitic acids were found in the examined extracts. In particular, our findings show that economical and convenient extraction procedures, which are simple, low cost and no need for expensive tools, allow to produce extracts with a lipid composition similar to the one obtained with hard strategies of extraction.

中文翻译：

---

灵芝孢子中的脂肪酸：提取、鉴定和定量

灵芝是一种丰富而有前途的生物活性化合物来源，能够对人类健康产生积极影响。因此，灵芝是积极研究活动的目标，重点是提取具有潜在生物医学应用的物质，以及改进筛选分析方法。在本研究中，三种不同的提取工艺（即用正己烷提取、在索氏提取装置中用正己烷提取和用氯仿回流）被用来评估灵芝孢子的脂质含量。将产生的提取物的实验数据与通过超临界 CO2 提取灵芝孢子获得的商业液体提取物的实验数据进行比较。为了实现这一目标，气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 方法经过优化，可准确可靠地鉴定和定量灵芝孢子甘油三酯中的脂肪酸。在检查的提取物中发现了大量的油酸和棕榈酸。特别是，我们的研究结果表明，经济、方便的提取程序，简单、成本低且不需要昂贵的工具，可以生产出脂质组成与用硬提取策略获得的提取物相似的提取物。