In recent years, with the development of welding methods, using these methods in manufacturing industry and in advanced engineering has become more popular. In this study, mechanical properties of rods obtained by friction welding and electric arc welding are compared. Hence, three specimens with different material properties are manufactured, two of which are welded by friction welding and one of which is welded by electric arc welding. These three specimens are adapted to the ASTM E8-04 standard with the help of a universal lathe. Moreover, the tensile stress values and the elasticity modulus of all these specimens are obtained as a result of tensile tests. Accordingly, the effects of the type of welding and material properties used in manufacturing on the mechanical behavior of the specimens are examined. In addition, specimens taken from the cracked surfaces of the pieces broken from the specimens as a result of the tensile test are examined with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). These examinations reveal the microstructure of the specimens. The elemental distribution data obtained as a result of examinations with SEM and the mechanical property data obtained as a result of tensile tests support each other. Furthermore, effects of a heat affected zone (HAZ) on the mechanical properties of the rod are investigated as a functionally graded material.

中文翻译：

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用功能梯度材料方法对焊条进行实验分析

近年来，随着焊接方法的发展，在制造业和先进工程中使用这些方法变得越来越流行。在这项研究中，比较了通过摩擦焊和电弧焊获得的棒材的机械性能。因此，制造了三个具有不同材料特性的试样，其中两个通过摩擦焊焊接，一个通过电弧焊焊接。在通用车床的帮助下，这三个样品适应了 ASTM E8-04 标准。此外，所有这些试样的拉伸应力值和弹性模量都是通过拉伸试验获得的。因此，检查了制造中使用的焊接类型和材料特性对试样机械性能的影响。此外，用SEM（扫描电子显微镜）检查取自作为拉伸试验结果的试样断裂的碎片的裂纹表面的试样。这些检查揭示了试样的微观结构。SEM 检测结果得到的元素分布数据和拉伸试验结果得到的机械性能数据相互支持。此外，热影响区 (HAZ) 对棒机械性能的影响作为功能梯度材料进行了研究。SEM 检测结果得到的元素分布数据和拉伸试验结果得到的机械性能数据相互支持。此外，热影响区 (HAZ) 对棒机械性能的影响作为功能梯度材料进行了研究。SEM 检测结果得到的元素分布数据和拉伸试验结果得到的机械性能数据相互支持。此外，热影响区 (HAZ) 对棒机械性能的影响作为功能梯度材料进行了研究。