Several studies have shown that the oral microbiome is related to systemic health, and a co-relation with several specific diseases has been suggested. The oral microbiome depends on environmental- and community-level factors. In this observational study, the oral microbiomes of children of isolated mountain people were analyzed with respect to the core oral microbiome and etiology of dental caries. We collected samples of supragingival plaque from children (age 9–13) living in the Chin state of Myanmar. After DNA extraction and purification, next-generation sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA was conducted. From thirteen subjects, 263,458 valid reads and 640 operational taxonomic units were generated at a 97% identity cut-off value. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Forty-four bacteria were detected in total from all the subjects. For children without dental caries, Proteobacteria was abundant. In contrast, in children with dental caries, Firmicutes and Bacteroides were abundant. The oral microbiome of children living in an isolated area may be affected by environmental- and community-level factors. Additionally, the composition of the oral microbiome may affect the risk of dental caries.

中文翻译：

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居住在缅甸一个偏远地区的儿童口腔微生物组。

多项研究表明，口腔微生物组与全身健康有关，并且已提出与几种特定疾病的相关性。口腔微生物组取决于环境和社区水平的因素。在这项观察性研究中，从核心口腔微生物组和龋齿病因方面分析了偏远山区儿童的口腔微生物组。我们从居住在缅甸钦邦的儿童（9-13岁）收集了龈上菌斑样品。DNA提取和纯化后，对16S rRNA的V3-V4高变区进行了下一代测序。从13个受试者中，产生了263,458个有效读数和640个操作生物分类单位，其同一性临界值为97％。在门级，变形杆菌是最丰富的，其次是Firmicutes和Bacteroides。从所有受试者中总共检测到44种细菌。对于没有龋齿的儿童，Proteobacteria丰富。相反，在患有龋齿的儿童中，Firmicutes和Bacteroides丰富。生活在偏远地区的儿童的口腔微生物组可能会受到环境和社区层面因素的影响。另外，口腔微生物组的组成可能影响龋齿的风险。