Published as part of the Special Topic Recent Advances in Amide Bond Formation

Abstract

The amide functionality is one of the most important and widely used groups in nature and in medicinal and industrial chemistry. Because of its importance and as the actual synthetic methods suffer from major drawbacks, such as the use of a stoichiometric amount of an activating agent, epimerization and low atom economy, the development of new and efficient amide bond forming reactions is needed. A number of greener and more effective strategies have been studied and developed. The transamidation of primary amides is particularly attractive in terms of atom economy and as ammonia is the single byproduct. This review summarizes the advancements in metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed transamidation methods. Lewis and Brønsted acid transamidation catalysts are reviewed as a separate group. The activation of primary amides by promoter, as well as catalyst- and promoter-free protocols, are also described. The proposed mechanisms and key intermediates of the depicted transamidation reactions are shown.

1 Introduction

2 Metal-Catalyzed Transamidations

3 Organocatalyzed Transamidations

4 Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysis

5 Promoted Transamidation of Primary Amides

6 Catalyst- and Promoter-Free Protocols

7 Conclusion

中文翻译：

---

通过氨基酰胺的酰胺交换合成酰胺

作为特别主题的一部分发表，酰胺键形成的最新进展

抽象

酰胺官能团是自然界以及医学和工业化学领域中最重要和最广泛使用的基团之一。由于其重要性，并且由于实际的合成方法具有主要缺点，例如使用化学计量的活化剂，差向异构化和低原子经济性，因此需要开发新的和有效的酰胺键形成反应。已经研究和开发了许多更绿色，更有效的策略。就原子经济性而言，伯酰胺的氨基转移特别有吸引力，因为氨是唯一的副产物。这篇综述总结了金属催化和有机催化转氨基方法的进展。Lewis和Brønsted酸转酰胺基催化剂作为一个单独的组进行了综述。启动子激活伯酰胺，还描述了无催化剂和无助催化剂的方案。显示了所描述的氨基转移反应的提出的机理和关键中间体。

1引言

2金属催化的转氨

3有机催化转氨基

4 Lewis和Brønsted酸催化

5促进酰胺的氨基转移

6种无催化剂和无促进剂的方案

7结论