This paper assesses the contribution of a controllable load (a reverse osmosis [RO] seawater desalination plant), together with an energy storage system in Porto Santo's small islanded electric power system. The controllable load and storage system are used to (i) smooth the net‐demand fluctuations and adapt it to the availability of renewable energy sources (RES), thus avoiding possible curtailments and contributing to a higher dissemination of RES, (ii) minimize the overall operational cost associated with the production of electricity and potable‐water, and (iii) reduce the environmental pollutants associated with the electric power systems on the island. The nonlinear nature of the problem makes it difficult to quickly obtain a robust solution through conventional mathematical tools. Therefore, an evolutionary algorithm is developed to find feasible solutions for dispatching the resources for a one‐week simulation period. The proposed algorithm determined the power output of the conventional thermal power plant, the RO desalination plant operating periods, and the storage charging and discharging periods and powers. In the proposed scenario, through a seven‐day simulation, 50% of the demand is supplied by renewable sources. The numerical results illustrate a reduction in the average total electricity‐peak demand of the island. The obtained diagrams are compared with the data gathered on Porto Santo's energy system. They display that the proposed solution is economically beneficial for the management of the electric power grid of the island of Porto Santo, while reducing the global warming potential (GWP) of the electric power system. Furthermore, it reveals that in a scenario with 50% penetration of renewable sources, through the proposed solution, a more efficient and predictable operation of the conventional electricity generators and the RO desalination plants can be achieved. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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建立需求灵活性和储能模型，以支持可再生能源在圣港的渗透

本文评估了可控负载（反渗透[RO]海水淡化厂）以及波尔图圣托的小岛电力系统中的储能系统的贡献。可控的负载和存储系统用于（i）缓解净需求波动并使之适应可再生能源（RES）的可用性，从而避免可能的削减，并有助于RES的更高传播，（ii）最小化与电力和饮用水生产相关的总体运营成本，以及（iii）减少与岛上电力系统相关的环境污染物。问题的非线性性质使得很难通过常规数学工具快速获得可靠的解决方案。因此，开发了一种进化算法，以找到可行的解决方案，以在一个星期的模拟时间内分配资源。所提出的算法确定了常规火力发电厂的功率输出，反渗透淡化厂的运行时间以及存储的充放电时间和功率。在提出的方案中，通过7天的模拟，可再生资源满足了50％的需求。数值结果表明该岛的平均总电高峰需求减少了。将获得的图表与在圣港的能源系统上收集的数据进行比较。他们表明，所提出的解决方案在经济上有益于管理圣港岛的电网，同时降低了电力系统的全球变暖潜能（GWP）。此外，它揭示了在可再生资源渗透率达到50％的情况下，通过提出的解决方案，可以实现常规发电机和RO海水淡化厂更有效和可预测的运行。©2020年化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.