Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and tissue degeneration. Tendons have poor innate healing ability and there is currently no cure for tendinopathy. Studies elucidating mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and mechanisms mediating the genesis of tendons during development have provided novel targets and strategies to enhance tendon healing and repair. This review summarizes the current understanding and treatments for tendinopathy. The review also highlights recent advances in gene therapy, the potential of noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, and exosomes, which are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles secreted from cells, for the treatment of tendinopathy.

中文翻译：

---

肌腱病基因治疗、非编码 RNA 和基于外泌体治疗的进展

肌腱病是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，其特征是慢性低度炎症和组织变性。肌腱的先天愈合能力很差，目前无法治愈肌腱病。阐明肌腱病发病机制的研究和在发育过程中介导肌腱发生的机制为促进肌腱愈合和修复提供了新的靶点和策略。本综述总结了目前对肌腱病的理解和治疗。该综述还强调了基因治疗的最新进展、非编码 RNA（如 microRNA）和外泌体（从细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡）治疗肌腱病的潜力。