Abstract To face environmental issues, SNCF, the French railway, has chosen to improve the energy efficiency of its electrical power system by investigating solutions for regenerative braking. With the contribution of Railenium, a research and test center in railway activities, they aim to recover the braking energy by setting up a reversible inverter in the DC substation ”Massena”. The issue is to test, implement and compare various control solutions to increase the energy efficiency with minimum impacts on the railway operation. In this paper, a simulation model for studying a reversible power substation is addressed by considering AC and DC equivalent electrical sources. The proposed model provides a reliable tool for analyzing the behavior of the railway electrical network during specially braking mode. In order to validate this model, its simulation results are compared with the ones obtained from Esmeralda, the SNCF professional software. A first configuration is led without the inverter and gives certified Esmeralda results and validates the proposed model despite some gaps in powers and voltages due to differences in input data and models. A second comparison with inverter is presented to highlight the main difference between the proposed model and Esmeralda. In addition, laboratory experimental activities are put forward to investigate the proposed model by using power-hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Finally, a simulation test under MATLAB software with fifty train’s traffic is presented to estimate the energy saving thanks to the installed inverter. For this latter case study, the system sent back to the national AC grid around 6.9% of the total energy consumed by all trains.

中文翻译：

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含交直流双向电站的直流铁路电网动态模型比较

摘要 面对环境问题，法国铁路公司 SNCF 选择通过研究再生制动解决方案来提高其电力系统的能源效率。在铁路活动研究和测试中心 Railenium 的贡献下，他们的目标是通过在直流变电站“马塞纳”中设置可逆逆变器来回收制动能量。问题是测试、实施和比较各种控制解决方案，以在对铁路运营影响最小的情况下提高能源效率。在本文中，研究可逆变电站的仿真模型通过考虑交流和直流等效电源来解决。所提出的模型为分析铁路电网在特殊制动模式下的行为提供了可靠的工具。为了验证这个模型，将其仿真结果与SNCF专业软件Esmeralda的仿真结果进行对比。第一种配置在没有逆变器的情况下进行，并提供经过认证的 Esmeralda 结果并验证了所提出的模型，尽管由于输入数据和模型的差异而导致功率和电压存在一些差距。介绍了与逆变器的第二个比较，以突出所提出的模型与 Esmeralda 之间的主要区别。此外，还提出了实验室实验活动，以通过使用电源硬件在环仿真来研究所提出的模型。最后，在 MATLAB 软件下对 50 列火车的交通进行了仿真测试，以估计安装逆变器的节能效果。对于后一个案例研究，系统在 6 点左右发回国家交流电网。