Abstract When participants in an experiment have to name pictures while ignoring distractor words superimposed on the picture or presented auditorily (i.e., picture-word interference paradigm), they take more time when the word to be named (or target) and distractor words are from the same semantic category (e.g., cat-dog). This experimental effect is known as the semantic interference effect, and is probably one of the most studied in the language production literature. The functional origin of the effect and the exact conditions in which it occurs are however still debated. Since Lupker (1979) reported the effect in the first response time experiment about 40 years ago, more than 300 similar experiments have been conducted. The semantic interference effect was replicated in many experiments, but several studies also reported the absence of an effect in a subset of experimental conditions. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive theoretical review of the existing evidence to date and several Bayesian meta-analyses and meta-regressions to determine the size of the effect and explore the experimental conditions in which the effect surfaces. The results are discussed in the light of current debates about the functional origin of the semantic interference effect and its implications for our understanding of the language production system.

中文翻译：

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我们从 40 年的语义干扰研究中学到了什么？贝叶斯荟萃分析

摘要 当实验参与者不得不为图片命名而忽略叠加在图片上或听觉呈现的干扰词时（即图片-词干扰范式），当要命名的单词（或目标）和干扰词来自相同的语义类别（例如，猫狗）。这种实验效应被称为语义干扰效应，可能是语言生成文献中研究最多的一种。然而，该效应的功能起源及其发生的确切条件仍存在争议。自从大约 40 年前 Lupker (1979) 在第一次响应时间实验中报告了该效应以来，已经进行了 300 多次类似的实验。语义干扰效应在许多实验中被复制，但几项研究也报告了在实验条件的子集中不存在影响。本研究的目的是对迄今为止的现有证据和几个贝叶斯元分析和元回归进行全面的理论回顾，以确定效应的大小并探索效应出现的实验条件。根据当前关于语义干扰效应的功能起源及其对我们理解语言产生系统的影响的争论，对结果进行了讨论。本研究的目的是对迄今为止的现有证据和几个贝叶斯元分析和元回归进行全面的理论回顾，以确定效应的大小并探索效应出现的实验条件。根据当前关于语义干扰效应的功能起源及其对我们理解语言产生系统的影响的争论，对结果进行了讨论。本研究的目的是对迄今为止的现有证据和几个贝叶斯元分析和元回归进行全面的理论回顾，以确定效应的大小并探索效应出现的实验条件。根据当前关于语义干扰效应的功能起源及其对我们理解语言产生系统的影响的争论，对结果进行了讨论。