The burgeoning global economy during the past decades gives rise to the continuous increase in fossil fuels consumption and rapid growth of CO₂ emission, which demands an urgent exploration into green and sustainable devices for energy storage and power management. Supercapacitors based on activated carbon electrodes are promising systems for highly efficient energy harvesting and power supply, but their promotion is hindered by the moderate energy density compared with batteries. Therefore, scalable conversion of CO₂ into novel carbon nanostructures offers a powerful alternative to tackle both issues: mitigating the greenhouse effect caused by redundant atmospheric CO₂ and providing carbon materials with enhanced electrochemical performances. In this tutorial review, the techniques, opportunities and barriers in the design and fabrication of advanced carbon materials using CO₂ as feedstock as well as their impact on the energy-storage performances of supercapacitors are critically examined. In particular, the chemical aspects of various CO₂ conversion reactions are highlighted to establish a detailed understanding for the science and technology involved in the microstructural evolution, surface engineering and porosity control of CO₂-converted carbon nanostructures. Finally, the prospects and challenges associated with the industrialization of CO₂ conversion and their practical application in supercapacitors are also discussed.

在过去的几十年中，全球经济蓬勃发展，导致化石燃料消耗的不断增加和CO ₂排放的快速增长，这要求对能源存储和电源管理的绿色和可持续设备进行紧急探索。基于活性炭电极的超级电容器是用于高效能量收集和电源供应的有前途的系统，但是与电池相比，中等能量密度阻碍了它们的推广。因此，可伸缩地将CO ₂转换为新颖的碳纳米结构提供了解决以下两个问题的有力替代方案：减轻由于多余大气CO ₂引起的温室效应为碳材料提供增强的电化学性能。在本教程的回顾中，将对使用CO ₂作为原料的先进碳材料的设计和制造中的技术，机会和障碍及其对超级电容器的储能性能的影响进行严格审查。特别地，突出了各种CO ₂转化反应的化学方面，以建立对涉及CO ₂转化的碳纳米结构的微观结构演变，表面工程和孔隙率控制的科学和技术的详细理解。最后，与CO ₂工业化相关的前景和挑战 还讨论了转换和它们在超级电容器中的实际应用。