Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great potential for next-generation photovoltaics, due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, defects existing inside the perovskite film impair both the performance and stability of the device. Uncoordinated Pb²⁺, uncoordinated I⁻, and metallic Pb (Pb⁰) are the main defects occur during perovskite film preparation and device operation, due to the volatilization of organic cationic components. Passivating these defects is a desirable task, because they are non-radiative recombination centers that cause open-circuit voltage (V_OC) loss and degradation of the perovskite layer. Herein, the multifunctional bioactive compound dopamine (DA) is introduced for the first time to control the perovskite film formation and passivate the uncoordinated Pb²⁺ defects via Lewis acid-base interactions. The Pb⁰ and I⁻ defects are effectively suppressed by the DA treatment. At the same time, the DA treatment results in a stronger crystal orientation along the (110) plane and upshifts the valence band of perovskite closer to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the hole transport layer (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N′-di-pmethoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene, spiro-OMeTAD), which is beneficial for charge separation and transport processes. Consequently, the stability of MAPbI₃ (MA = CH₃NH₃) PSCs prepared with the DA additive (especially the thermal stability) is effectively improved due to the better crystallinity and lower number of defect trap states of the perovskite film. The optimized MAPbI₃ PSCs maintain approximately 90% of their original power conversion efficiency (PCE) upon annealing at 85 °C for 120 h. The best performance triple-cation perovskite (Cs_0.05(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.95Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃) (FA = formamidinium) solar cell with ITO/SnO₂/Cs_0.05(FA_0.83MA_0.17)_0.95Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃:DA/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO₃/Ag (ITO = indium tin oxide) structure shows a PCE of 21.03% with negligible hysteresis, which is dramatically enhanced compared to that of the control device (18.31%). Therefore, this work presents a simple and effective way to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs by DA treatment.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）具有出色的光学和电学性能，因此在下一代光伏电池中显示出巨大的潜力。但是，钙钛矿膜内部存在的缺陷会损害器件的性能和稳定性。不协调的Pb ²⁺，不协调我^- ，和金属铅（铅⁰）是钙钛矿薄膜的制备和器件操作期间出现的主要缺陷，由于有机阳离子成分的挥发。钝化这些缺陷是一项理想的任务，因为它们是会引起开路电压（V _OC）的非辐射复合中心钙钛矿层的损失和降解。本文中，首次引入多功能生物活性化合物多巴胺（DA），以控制钙钛矿膜的形成，并通过路易斯酸碱相互作用钝化未配位的Pb ²⁺缺陷。铅⁰和我^-缺陷由DA治疗有效地抑制。同时，DA处理导致沿（110）平面的晶体取向更强，并使钙钛矿的价带上移，使其更接近空穴传输层的最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）（2,2'，7， 7'-四（ñ，ñ ' -二p甲氧基苯胺）-9,9'-螺二芴，螺-OMeTAD），对电荷分离和传输过程有利。因此，由于钙钛矿膜的更好的结晶度和更少的缺陷陷阱态数目，有效地提高了用DA添加剂制备的MAPbI ₃（MA = CH ₃ NH ₃）PSC的稳定性（特别是热稳定性）。经过优化的MAPbI ₃ PSC在85°C退火120 h后，可保持其原始功率转换效率（PCE）的大约90％。最佳性能的三阳离子钙钛矿（Cs _0.05（FA _0.83 MA _0.17）_0.95 Pb（I _0.83 Br _0.17）₃）（FA =甲2）ITO / SnO ₂ / Cs _0.05（FA _0.83 MA _0.17）_0.95 Pb（I _0.83 Br _0.17）₃：DA / spiro-OMeTAD / MoO ₃ / Ag（ITO =铟锡氧化物）结构显示PCE为21.03％，具有可忽略的滞后性，与控制设备的PCE（18.31％）相比显着增强。因此，这项工作提出了一种简单有效的方法，可以通过DA处理提高PSC的效率和稳定性。