Abstract Nitrogen deposition is one of the main environmental threats to the conservation goals in areas protected by the European Habitats Directive, a problem that is quite pronounced in the livestock-rich region of Flanders, Belgium. Livestock farms are often located close to Natura 2000 areas. Therefore, ammonia emissions from livestock housing and manure storage have a high contribution to the deposition in these nearby protected habitats. In order to control this problem, the Flemish government imposes restrictions on livestock farms that pose a substantial threat to protected habitats nearby. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of this spatially differentiated policy. Using an integrated spatially explicit modeling approach, we were able to show that the effectiveness of this policy is rather limited in terms of reducing the proportion of habitats in exceedance of the critical load for nitrogen. In order to obtain a good status for all sensitive habitats, emission abatement efforts should extend beyond the livestock sector. The effectiveness of the policy is dependent on habitat type and the livestock subsectors contributing to emissions nearby. Furthermore, by means of four different habitat classes, the effectiveness of alternative policy options can be easily assessed on the level of individual habitats.

中文翻译：

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通过解决牲畜设施的氨排放，保护 Natura 2000 栖息地免受氮沉积

摘要 在受欧洲栖息地指令保护的地区，氮沉积是对保护目标的主要环境威胁之一，这个问题在比利时佛兰德斯牲畜丰富的地区非常明显。牲畜农场通常靠近 Natura 2000 地区。因此，来自牲畜舍和粪便储存的氨排放对这些附近受保护栖息地的沉积有很大贡献。为了控制这个问题，佛兰德政府对对附近受保护栖息地构成重大威胁的畜牧场施加了限制。在本文中，我们评估了这种空间差异化政策的有效性。使用集成的空间显式建模方法，我们能够证明，在减少超过临界氮负荷的栖息地比例方面，该政策的有效性相当有限。为了获得所有敏感栖息地的良好状态，减排工作应扩展到畜牧业之外。该政策的有效性取决于栖息地类型和附近造成排放的牲畜分部门。此外，通过四种不同的栖息地类别，可以在个别栖息地的水平上轻松评估替代政策选项的有效性。该政策的有效性取决于栖息地类型和导致附近排放的牲畜分部门。此外，通过四种不同的栖息地类别，可以在个别栖息地的水平上轻松评估替代政策选项的有效性。该政策的有效性取决于栖息地类型和导致附近排放的牲畜分部门。此外，通过四种不同的栖息地类别，可以在个别栖息地的水平上轻松评估替代政策选项的有效性。