Assessment of genetic diversity by using metabolic and molecular markers is important for the characterization of local unexplored germplasms of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and their further utilization in crop breeding programme. However, such studies are limited to garden cress, an important medicinal crop of India. In the present study, biochemical, morphological and molecular characters were used to unravel the diversity and relationship among fifteen elite genotypes of garden cress, and the volatile constituents of seed oil were also analysed by GC-MS. Here, we report the genetic differentiation of garden cress genotypes collections in India using 10 RAPD and 9 ISSR markers. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean square values for all the morphological and biochemical traits. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (10) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) (9) markers produced a total of 114 bands, out of which 89 showed polymorphism. The average polymorphism was 90.8% (RAPD) and 66.03% (ISSR). The mean values of RAPD and ISSR markers for polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.37 and 0.27, effective multiple ratio (EMR) were 4.92 and 3.10, marker index (MI) were 1.84 and 1.17 and the resolving power (Rp) were 1.39 and 1.56, respectively. In the clustering based on the combined biochemical, morphological and molecular data, the 15 genotypes were divided into two main clusters ranged from 0.50 to 0.86. Based on the observed variations, it is concluded that the magnitude of morphological, biochemical and molecular variations in the garden cress genotypes studied is significant. The volatile constituents of seed oil were also analysed by GC-MS for qualitative analysis which showed 72 similar components in oil of 15 local genotypes of garden cress. The results obtained in the present study could be useful for breeding and improvement of garden cress in the future.

中文翻译：

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Lepidium sativum L. 基因型种子油的分子多样性分析和代谢谱

使用代谢和分子标记评估遗传多样性对于鉴定当地未开发的水芹（Lepidium sativum L.）种质及其在作物育种计划中的进一步利用非常重要。然而，此类研究仅限于印度重要的药用作物水芹。本研究利用生化、形态学和分子学特征揭示了水芹15个优良基因型之间的多样性和相互关系，并通过GC-MS分析了种子油的挥发性成分。在这里，我们使用 10 个 RAPD 和 9 个 ISSR 标记报告了印度水芹基因型集合的遗传分化。方差分析揭示了所有形态和生化性状的显着均方值。随机扩增多态性 DNA (RAPD) (10) 和简单序列间重复序列 (ISSR) (9) 标记共产生 114 个条带，其中 89 个显示多态性。平均多态性为 90.8% (RAPD) 和 66.03% (ISSR)。RAPD和ISSR标记的多态性信息含量（PIC）平均值分别为0.37和0.27，有效倍数（EMR）分别为4.92和3.10，标记指数（MI）分别为1.84和1.17，分辨能力（Rp）分别为1.39和1.39。分别为 1.56。在结合生化、形态和分子数据的聚类中，15 个基因型被分为两个主要的聚类，范围为 0.50 到 0.86。根据观察到的变异，可以得出结论，所研究的水芹基因型的形态、生化和分子变异的幅度是显着的。种子油的挥发性成分也通过GC-MS进行了定性分析，结果表明15个当地基因型的水芹油中有72种相似的成分。本研究的结果可用于未来水芹的育种和改良。