Malus domestica (apple) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases that impacts apple production systems worldwide. Although it is possible to manage fire blight using antibiotics such as streptomycin, kasugamycin or oxytetracycline, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly production makes breeding for fire blight resistance the most promising and desirable approach. Breeding for resistance is a long, resource-intensive process due to the high susceptibility of most commercial apple cultivars, and the fact that most resistance sources being characterized are from wild genetic backgrounds with unpalatable fruits, and apple’s long generation times. Nevertheless, establishment of pre-breeding materials is crucial. This review highlights the status of breeding for fire blight resistance in Malus, taking into account, 1) major and minor resistance sources and their interaction with E. amylovora, 2) progress and challenges associated with using wild species as resistance sources, 3) progress and challenges associated with using elite cultivars as resistance sources, 4) advances in biotechnology for use in enhancing the production of durable fire blight resistant cultivars.

中文翻译：

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马鲁斯火疫病抗性育种现状

Malusdomestica（苹果）是世界上最重要的水果作物之一。由梨火疫病菌引起的火疫病是影响全球苹果生产系统的最具破坏性的细菌病害之一。尽管可以使用链霉素、春日霉素或土霉素等抗生素来控制火疫病，但对可持续和环保生产的追求使得抗火疫病的育种成为最有前途和最理想的方法。由于大多数商业苹果品种的高度易感性，抗性育种是一个漫长的资源密集型过程，而且大多数抗性来源都来自野生遗传背景，果实难吃，苹果的世代时间长。然而，建立预育材料是至关重要的。