In our quest to identify the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), we first update the nucleosynthesis yields both for Chandrasekhar (Ch) and sub-Ch mass white dwarfs (WDs), for a wide range of metallicity, with our two-dimensional hydrodynamical code and the latest nuclear reaction rates. We then include the yields in our galactic chemical evolution code to predict the evolution of elemental abundances in the solar neighborhood and dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In the observations of the solar neighborhood stars, Mn shows an opposite trend to alpha elements, showing an increase toward higher metallicities, which is very well reproduced by deflagration-detonation transition of Ch-mass WDs, but never by double detonations of sub-Ch-mass WDs alone. The problem of Ch-mass SNe Ia was the Ni over-production at high metallicities. However, we found that Ni yields of Ch-mass SNe Ia are much lower with the solar-scaled initial composition than in previous works, which keeps the predicted Ni abundance within the observational scatter. From the evolutionary trends of elemental abundances in the solar neighborhood, we conclude that the contribution of sub-Ch-mass SNe Ia is up to 25%. In dSph galaxies, however, the contribution of sub-Ch-mass SNe Ia seems to be higher than in the solar neighborhood. In dSphs, sub-Ch-mass SNe Ia cause a decrease of [(alpha, Cr, Mn, Ni)/Fe], while so-called SNe Iax can increase Mn and Ni abundances if they are pure deflagrations. Future observations of dSph stars will provide more stringent constraints on the progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of SNe Ia.

中文翻译：

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新型 Ia 超新星的产生以及银河系和矮球星系中的锰和镍问题

在我们寻找 Ia 型超新星 (SNe Ia) 的前身的过程中，我们首先更新了钱德拉塞卡 (Ch) 和亚 Ch 质量白矮星 (WD) 的核合成产率，其金属丰度范围很广，我们的两个维流体动力学代码和最新的核反应速率。然后，我们将产量包含在我们的银河化学演化代码中，以预测太阳附近和矮椭球 (dSph) 星系中元素丰度的演化。在太阳邻域恒星的观测中，Mn 显示出与 α 元素相反的趋势，显示出向更高金属丰度的增加，这很好地被 Ch-mass WDs 的爆燃-爆轰转变所再现，但从未被 sub-Ch 的双爆轰- 单独的大量 WD。Ch-mass SNe Ia 的问题是高金属量时镍的过量生产。然而，我们发现 Ch-mass SNe Ia 的 Ni 产量与太阳尺度的初始成分相比远低于以前的工作，这使预测的 Ni 丰度保持在观测散射范围内。从太阳邻域元素丰度的演化趋势来看，亚Ch-mass SNe Ia的贡献高达25%。然而，在 dSph 星系中，亚 Ch-mass SNe Ia 的贡献似乎比在太阳附近更高。在 dSphs 中，亚 Ch 质量的 SNe Ia 会导致 [(alpha, Cr, Mn, Ni)/Fe] 的减少，而所谓的 SNe Iax 如果是纯爆燃，则可以增加 Mn 和 Ni 的丰度。未来对 dSph 星的观测将对 SNe Ia 的前身系统和爆炸机制提供更严格的限制。