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Working in a Team: Development of a Device for Water Hardness Sensing Based on an Arduino–Nanoparticle System
Journal of Chemical Education ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b01156
Federico Zarantonello 1 , Fabrizio Mancin 2 , Renato Bonomi 1
Affiliation  

This work describes a two-year project carried out in an Italian technical high school. Through integrated work, the activity involved the efforts of different teachers and students, particularly those in the Chemical, Electronic, and IT departments. They merged their complementary skills to create an inexpensive device that quickly measures water hardness. The pedagogical aspect of this work aimed to support and reinforce development of the key competences for lifelong learning recommended by the European Commission, especially by strengthening the logical–mathematical, digital, and social skills of the students. The device made is based on an Arduino board connected to a red LED and an optical sensor. The device is able to read the intensity of light transmitted through the sample and to independently convert this output into the water hardness expressed in French degrees. The color change used as information transducer is due to the aggregation of negative gold nanoparticles induced by the bivalent cations in solution. Working in school laboratories under teacher supervision, students connected and troubleshot the hardware system, synthesized and characterized the gold nanoparticles, and developed the software. Finally, the system was assembled inside a box composed of a rigid container, a sample holder, and a touchscreen display. Instructions for replicating this instrument are reported in the paper, while further details and explanations for instructors and students are provided in the Supporting Information.

中文翻译:

团队合作:开发基于Arduino–纳米粒子系统的水硬度传感设备

这项工作描述了在意大利技术高中开展的为期两年的项目。通过整合工作,该活动涉及不同师生的努力,尤其是化学,电子和IT部门的师生的努力。他们融合了自己的互补技能,创造出了一种可以快速测量水硬度的廉价设备。这项工作的教学方面旨在支持和加强欧盟委员会建议的终身学习关键能力的发展,特别是通过增强学生的逻辑,数学,数字和社交技能。制作的设备基于连接到红色LED和光学传感器的Arduino板。该设备能够读取透过样品的光的强度,并将该输出独立转换为法国硬度表示的水硬度。用作信息转换器的颜色变化是由于溶液中的二价阳离子引起的负金纳米颗粒的聚集。学生在老师的监督下在学校实验室工作,学生对硬件系统进行连接和故障排除,对金纳米颗粒进行合成和表征,并开发了软件。最后,将系统组装在由刚性容器,样品架和触摸屏组成的盒子内。本文中报告了复制该乐器的说明,而支持信息中提供了针对教师和学生的更多详细信息和说明。用作信息转换器的颜色变化是由于溶液中的二价阳离子引起的负金纳米颗粒的聚集。学生在老师的监督下在学校实验室工作,学生对硬件系统进行连接和故障排除,对金纳米颗粒进行合成和表征,并开发了软件。最后,将系统组装在由刚性容器,样品架和触摸屏组成的盒子内。本文中报告了复制该乐器的说明,而支持信息中提供了针对教师和学生的更多详细信息和说明。用作信息转换器的颜色变化是由于溶液中的二价阳离子引起的负金纳米颗粒的聚集。学生在老师的监督下在学校实验室工作,学生对硬件系统进行连接和故障排除,对金纳米颗粒进行合成和表征,并开发了软件。最后,将系统组装在由刚性容器,样品架和触摸屏组成的盒子内。本文中报告了复制该乐器的说明,而支持信息中提供了针对教师和学生的更多详细信息和说明。学生连接硬件系统并对其进行故障排除,合成并表征了金纳米颗粒,并开发了软件。最后,将系统组装在由刚性容器,样品架和触摸屏组成的盒子内。本文中报告了复制该乐器的说明,而支持信息中提供了针对教师和学生的更多详细信息和说明。学生连接硬件系统并对其进行故障排除,合成并表征了金纳米颗粒,并开发了软件。最后,将系统组装在由刚性容器,样品架和触摸屏组成的盒子内。本文中报告了复制该乐器的说明,而支持信息中提供了针对教师和学生的更多详细信息和说明。
更新日期:2020-07-14
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