当前位置: X-MOL 学术Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
The early growth of supermassive black holes in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with constrained Gaussian realizations
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa1515
Kuan-Wei Huang 1 , Yueying Ni 1 , Yu Feng 2 , Tiziana Di Matteo 1, 3
Affiliation  

The paper examines the early growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with different BH seeding scenarios. Employing the constrained Gaussian realization, we reconstruct the initial conditions in the large-volume BlueTides simulation and run them to $z=6$ to cross-validate that the method reproduces the first quasars and their environments. Our constrained simulations in a volume of $(15\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ successfully recover the evolution of large-scale structure and the stellar and BH masses in the vicinity of a $\sim10^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ halo which we identified in BlueTides at $z\sim7$ hosting a $\sim10^9\, M_{\odot}$ SMBH. Among our constrained simulations, only the ones with a low-tidal field and high-density peak in the initial conditions induce the fastest BH growth required to explain the $z>6$ quasars. We run two sets of simulations with different BH seed masses of $5\times10^3$, $5\times10^4$, and $5\times10^5\, h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, (a) with the same ratio of halo to BH seed mass and (b) with the same halo threshold mass. At $z=6$, all the SMBHs converge in mass to $\sim10^9\, M_{\odot}$ except for the one with the smallest seed in (b) undergoing critical BH growth and reaching $10^8$ -- $10^9\, M_{\odot}$, albeit with most of the growth in (b) delayed compared to set (a). The finding of eight BH mergers in the small-seed scenario (four with masses $10^4$ -- $10^6\, M_{\odot}$ at $z>12$), six in the intermediate-seed scenario, and zero in the large-seed scenario suggests that the vast BHs in the small-seed scenario merge frequently during the early phases of the growth of SMBHs. The increased BH merger rate for the low-mass BH seed and halo threshold scenario provides an exciting prospect for discriminating BH formation mechanisms with the advent of multi-messenger astrophysics and next-generation gravitational wave facilities.

中文翻译:

具有约束高斯实现的宇宙流体动力学模拟中超大质量黑洞的早期增长

本文研究了超大质量黑洞 (SMBH) 在具有不同 BH 种子场景的宇宙流体动力学模拟中的早期增长。采用受约束的高斯实现,我们重建了大容量 BlueTides 模拟中的初始条件,并将它们运行到 $z=6$ 以交叉验证该方法再现了第一个类星体及其环境。我们在 $(15\, h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$ 体积中的约束模拟成功地恢复了 $\sim10 附近的大尺度结构以及恒星和 BH 质量的演化^{12}\, M_{\odot}$ 晕,我们在 BlueTides 中在 $z\sim7$ 中识别出的光环托管 $\sim10^9\, M_{\odot}$ SMBH。在我们受限的模拟中,只有在初始条件下具有低潮汐场和高密度峰值的那些才能引起解释 $z>6$ 类星体所需的最快 BH 增长。我们使用不同的 BH 种子质量 $5\times10^3$、$5\times10^4$ 和 $5\times10^5\ 运行两组模拟,h^{-1}M_{\odot}$,(a)具有相同的光晕与 BH 种子质量的比率和 (b) 具有相同的光晕阈值质量。在 $z=6$ 处,所有 SMBH 的质量都收敛到 $\sim10^9\, M_{\odot}$,除了 (b) 中种子最小的那个经历临界 BH 增长并达到 $10^8$ - - $10^9\, M_{\odot}$,尽管与集合 (a) 相比,(b) 中的大部分增长延迟了。在小种子场景中发现了八次 BH 合并(四次,质量为 $10^4$ -- $10^6\,M_{\odot}$ 在 $z>12$),六次在中间种子场景中,大种子情景中的零表明小种子情景中的大量 BH 在 SMBH 增长的早期阶段频繁合并。随着多信使天体物理学和下一代引力波设施的出现,低质量 BH 种子和光晕阈值情景的 BH 合并率增加,为区分 BH 形成机制提供了令人兴奋的前景。
更新日期:2020-06-04
down
wechat
bug