The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe respiratory disease caused by betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, in 2019 that further developed into a pandemic has received an unprecedented response from the scientific community and sparked a general research interest into the biology and ecology of Coronaviridae, a family of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Aquatic environments, lakes, rivers and ponds, are important habitats for bats and birds, which are hosts for various coronavirus species and strains and which shed viral particles in their feces. It is therefore of high interest to fully explore the role that aquatic environments may play in coronavirus spread, including cross-species transmissions. Besides the respiratory tract, coronaviruses pathogenic to humans can also infect the digestive system and be subsequently defecated. Considering this, it is pivotal to understand whether wastewater can play a role in their dissemination, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. This review provides an overview of the taxonomy, molecular biology, natural reservoirs and pathogenicity of coronaviruses; outlines their potential to survive in aquatic environments and wastewater; and demonstrates their association with aquatic biota, mainly waterfowl. It also calls for further, interdisciplinary research in the field of aquatic virology to explore the potential hotspots of coronaviruses in the aquatic environment and the routes through which they may enter it.

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关于冠状病毒及其与水环境和废水的关联

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是一种由 β 冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起的严重呼吸道疾病，在 2019 年进一步发展为大流行病，这引起了科学界前所未有的反应，并引发了对冠状病毒的普遍研究冠状病毒科的生物学和生态学，一个正链单链 RNA 病毒家族。水生环境、湖泊、河流和池塘是蝙蝠和鸟类的重要栖息地，它们是各种冠状病毒种类和菌株的宿主，并在粪便中排出病毒颗粒。因此，充分探讨水生环境在冠状病毒传播（包括跨物种传播）中可能发挥的作用具有很高的兴趣。除了呼吸道，对人类致病的冠状病毒也可以感染消化系统并随后被排便。考虑到这一点，了解废水是否可以在其传播中发挥作用至关重要，尤其是在卫生条件差的地区。本综述概述了冠状病毒的分类、分子生物学、天然宿主和致病性；概述它们在水生环境和废水中生存的潜力；并证明它们与水生生物群，主要是水禽的联系。它还呼吁在水生病毒学领域进行进一步的跨学科研究，以探索冠状病毒在水生环境中的潜在热点及其可能进入的途径。特别是在卫生条件差的地区。本综述概述了冠状病毒的分类、分子生物学、天然宿主和致病性；概述它们在水生环境和废水中生存的潜力；并证明它们与水生生物群，主要是水禽的联系。它还呼吁在水生病毒学领域进行进一步的跨学科研究，以探索冠状病毒在水生环境中的潜在热点及其可能进入的途径。特别是在卫生条件差的地区。本综述概述了冠状病毒的分类、分子生物学、天然宿主和致病性；概述它们在水生环境和废水中生存的潜力；并证明它们与水生生物群，主要是水禽的联系。它还呼吁在水生病毒学领域进行进一步的跨学科研究，以探索冠状病毒在水生环境中的潜在热点及其可能进入的途径。