Background: Household air pollution associated with biomass (wood, dung, charcoal, and crop residue) burning for cooking is estimated to contribute to approximately 4 million deaths each year worldwide, with the greatest burden seen in low and middle-income countries. We investigated the relationship between solid fuel type and respiratory symptoms in Uganda, where 96% of households use biomass as the primary domestic fuel. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 15,405 pre-school aged children living in charcoal or wood-burning households in Uganda, using data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associations between occurrence of a cough, shortness of breath, fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and severe ARI with cooking fuel type (wood, charcoal); with additional sub-analyses by contextual status (urban, rural). Results: After adjustment for household and individual level confounding factors, wood fuel use was associated with increased risk of shortness of breath (AOR: 1.33 [1.10–1.60]), fever (AOR: 1.26 [1.08–1.48]), cough (AOR: 1.15 [1.00–1.33]), ARI (AOR: 1.36 [1.11–1.66] and severe ARI (AOR: 1.41 [1.09–1.85]), compared to charcoal fuel. In urban areas, Shortness of breath (AOR: 1.84 [1.20–2.83]), ARI (AOR: 1.77 [1.10–2.79]) and in rural areas ARI (AOR: 1.23 [1.03–1.47]) and risk of fever (AOR: 1.23 [1.03–1.47]) were associated with wood fuel usage. Conclusions: Risk of respiratory symptoms was higher among children living in wood compared to charcoal fuel-burning households, with policy implications for mitigation of associated harmful health impacts.

中文翻译：

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调查乌干达5岁以下儿童的木材和木炭家庭烹饪，呼吸系统症状和急性呼吸道感染之间的关联：2016年人口与健康调查的横断面分析。

背景：据估计，与做饭燃烧的生物质（木材，粪便，木炭和农作物残渣）相关的家庭空气污染每年导致全球约400万人死亡，其中负担最重的是中低收入国家。我们调查了乌干达固体燃料类型与呼吸道症状之间的关系，该国96％的家庭使用生物质作为主要的家庭燃料。材料和方法：使用来自2016年人口与健康调查的数据，对乌干达居住在木炭或燃木家庭中的15405名学龄前儿童进行横断面研究。多变量logistic回归分析用于确定咳嗽的发生，呼吸急促，发烧，急性呼吸道感染（ARI）和严重ARI与烹饪燃料类型（木材，木炭）之间的关系。并根据上下文状态（城市，农村）进行其他子分析。结果：调整家庭和个人水平的混杂因素后，使用木质燃料与呼吸急促（AOR：1.33 [1.10-1.60]），发烧（AOR：1.26 [1.08-1.48]），咳嗽（AOR：与木炭燃料相比，1.15 [1.00–1.33]，ARI（AOR：1.36 [1.11-1.66]和严重ARI（AOR：1.41 [1.09-1.85]））在城市地区，呼吸急促（AOR：1.84 [1.20] –2.83]），ARI（AOR：1.77 [1.10–2.79]）和农村地区ARI（AOR：1.23 [1.03-1.47]）和发烧风险（AOR：1.23 [1.03-1.47]）与木质燃料有关用法。结论：呼吸道症状的风险是居住在木相比，木炭燃烧燃料的家庭的儿童中较高的，与相关的有害健康影响的减缓政策的影响。