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Role of Aging and the Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections: Potential Implications for COVID-19
The Journal of Immunology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 , DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000380
Judy Chen 1, 2 , William J Kelley 1 , Daniel R Goldstein 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Aging impairs immunity to promote diseases, especially respiratory viral infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from SARS-CoV-2, induces acute pneumonia, a phenotype that is alarmingly increased with aging. In this article, we review findings of how aging alters immunity to respiratory viral infections to identify age-impacted pathways common to several viral pathogens, permitting us to speculate about potential mechanisms of age-enhanced mortality to COVID-19. Aging generally leads to exaggerated innate immunity, particularly in the form of elevated neutrophil accumulation across murine and large animal studies of influenza infection. COVID-19 patients who succumb exhibit a 2-fold increase in neutrophilia, suggesting that exaggerated innate immunity contributes to age-enhanced mortality to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigation in relevant experimental models will elucidate the mechanisms by which aging impacts respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Such investigation could identify therapies to reduce the suffering of the population at large, but especially among older people, infected with respiratory viruses.

中文翻译:

衰老的作用和对呼吸道病毒感染的免疫反应:对 COVID-19 的潜在影响

衰老会损害免疫力,从而促进疾病,尤其是呼吸道病毒感染。当前由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的 COVID-19 大流行会诱发急性肺炎,这种表型随着年龄的增长而急剧增加。在本文中,我们回顾了衰老如何改变对呼吸道病毒感染的免疫力的研究结果,以确定几种病毒病原体常见的受年龄影响的途径,使我们能够推测年龄增加的 COVID-19 死亡率的潜在机制。衰老通常会导致先天免疫过度,特别是在小鼠和大型动物流感感染研究中,中性粒细胞积累升高。死亡的 COVID-19 患者的中性粒细胞增多了 2 倍,这表明过度的先天免疫会导致 SARS-CoV-2 感染的年龄增加死亡率。对相关实验模型的进一步研究将阐明衰老影响呼吸道病毒感染(包括 SARS-CoV-2)的机制。此类研究可以找到减轻广大人群痛苦的疗法,尤其是感染呼吸道病毒的老年人。
更新日期:2020-06-03
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