Gene drives based on CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to reduce the enormous harm inflicted by crop pests and insect vectors of human disease, as well as to bolster valued species. In contrast with extensive empirical and theoretical studies in diploid organisms, little is known about CRISPR gene drive in haplodiploids, despite their immense global impacts as pollinators, pests, natural enemies of pests, and invasive species in native habitats. Here, we analyze mathematical models demonstrating that, in principle, CRISPR homing gene drive can work in haplodiploids, as well as at sex‐linked loci in diploids. However, relative to diploids, conditions favoring the spread of alleles deleterious to haplodiploid pests by CRISPR gene drive are narrower, the spread is slower, and resistance to the drive evolves faster. By contrast, the spread of alleles that impose little fitness cost or boost fitness was not greatly hindered in haplodiploids relative to diploids. Therefore, altering traits to minimize damage caused by harmful haplodiploids, such as interfering with transmission of plant pathogens, may be more likely to succeed than control efforts based on introducing traits that reduce pest fitness. Enhancing fitness of beneficial haplodiploids with CRISPR gene drive is also promising.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR 基因驱动可以在害虫和有益单倍二倍体物种中发挥作用吗？


基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的基因驱动有可能减少作物害虫和人类疾病昆虫媒介造成的巨大危害，并支持有价值的物种。与二倍体生物体中广泛的实证和理论研究相比，人们对单倍二倍体中的 CRISPR 基因驱动知之甚少，尽管它们作为传粉媒介、害虫、害虫的天敌和本地栖息地的入侵物种具有巨大的全球影响。在这里，我们分析了数学模型，证明原则上 CRISPR 归巢基因驱动可以在单倍二倍体以及二倍体中的性别连锁基因座中发挥作用。然而，相对于二倍体，有利于通过 CRISPR 基因驱动传播对单倍二倍体害虫有害的等位基因的条件更窄，传播更慢，并且对驱动的抗性进化得更快。相比之下，相对于二倍体，单倍二倍体中几乎没有适应度成本或增强适应度的等位基因的传播并没有受到太大阻碍。因此，改变性状以尽量减少有害单倍二倍体造成的损害，例如干扰植物病原体的传播，可能比基于引入降低害虫适应性的性状的控制努力更有可能成功。利用 CRISPR 基因驱动增强有益单倍二倍体的适应性也很有前景。