Isoprene is a C5 volatile organic compound, which can protect aboveground plant tissue from abiotic stress such as short‐term high temperatures and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we uncover new roles for isoprene in the plant belowground tissues. By analysing Populus x canescens isoprene synthase (PcISPS) promoter reporter plants, we discovered PcISPS promoter activity in certain regions of the roots including the vascular tissue, the differentiation zone and the root cap. Treatment of roots with auxin or salt increased PcISPS promoter activity at these sites, especially in the developing lateral roots (LR). Transgenic, isoprene non‐emitting poplar roots revealed an accumulation of O₂⁻ in the same root regions where PcISPS promoter activity was localized. Absence of isoprene emission, moreover, increased the formation of LRs. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity suppressed LR development, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. The analysis of the fine root proteome revealed a constitutive shift in the amount of several redox balance, signalling and development related proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, various peroxidases and linoleate 9S‐lipoxygenase, in isoprene non‐emitting poplar roots. Together our results indicate for isoprene a ROS‐related function, eventually co‐regulating the plant‐internal signalling network and development processes in root tissue.

中文翻译：

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根异戊二烯的形成会改变侧根的发育。

异戊二烯是一种C5挥发性有机化合物，可以保护地上植物组织免受非生物胁迫（如短期高温和活性氧（ROS）积累）的影响。在这里，我们发现了异戊二烯在植物地下组织中的新作用。通过分析胡杨X藜异戊二烯合酶（PcISPS）启动子报道植物中，我们发现PcISPS在根部的某些区域包括血管组织，分化区和根冠启动子活性。用生长素或盐处理根在这些部位增加了PcISPS启动子活性，尤其是在发育中的侧根（LR）中。转基因，异戊二烯不散发的杨树根显示O积累₂ ^-在相同的根区域PcISPS启动子活性本地化。此外，缺少异戊二烯发射增加了LR的形成。NAD（P）H氧化酶活性的抑制抑制了LR的发展，表明ROS参与了此过程。细根蛋白质组的分析显示，异戊二烯非发光杨树根中几种氧化还原平衡，信号传导和发育相关蛋白（例如超氧化物歧化酶，各种过氧化物酶和亚油酸9S-脂加氧酶）的数量发生了组成性变化。我们的研究结果共同表明，异戊二烯具有与ROS有关的功能，最终共同调节了根部组织中植物内部的信号网络和发育过程。