MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes, are about 21–24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. Generally, the types and quantities of miRNAs in the different tissues of an organism are diverse, and these divergences may be related to their specific functions. Here we have identified 296 known miRNAs and 46 novel miRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator by high-throughput sequencing. Thirty-three miRNAs were predicted to target olfactory-associated genes, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins, odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors. Among these, 17 miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in the antennae, four miRNAs were highly expressed both in the antennae and head or wings, while the remaining 12 miRNAs were mainly expressed in the head, thorax, abdomen, legs and wings. Notably, miR-9a-5p and miR-2525-3p were highly expressed in male antennae, whereas miR-1000-5p and novel-miR-13 were enriched in female antennae. The 17 miRNAs highly expressed in antennae are likely to be associated with olfaction, and were predicted to target one OBP (targeted by miR-3751-3p), one IR (targeted by miR-7-5p) and 14 ORs (targeted by 15 miRNAs including miR-6-3p, miR-9a-5p, miR-9b-5p, miR-29-5p, miR-71-5p, miR-275-3p, miR-1000-5p, miR-1000-3p, miR-2525-3p, miR-6012-3p, miR-9719-3p, novel-miR-10, novel-miR-13, novel-miR-14 and novel-miR-28). These candidate olfactory-associated miRNAs are all likely to be involved in chemoreception through the regulation of chemosensory gene expression in the antennae of M. mediator.

中文翻译：

---

寄生蜂 Microplitis 中介体触角中 microRNA 的表征和靶基因分析

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类由内源基因编码的非编码单链RNA分子，长度约为21-24个核苷酸，参与植物和动物基因表达的转录后调控。一般来说，生物体不同组织中miRNA的类型和数量是多种多样的，这些差异可能与其特定的功能有关。在这里，我们已经在寄生蜂Microplitis 介质的触角中鉴定了 296 个已知的 miRNA 和 46 个新的 miRNA通过高通量测序。预计有 33 种 miRNA 靶向嗅觉相关基因，包括气味结合蛋白 (OBP)、化学感应蛋白、气味受体 (OR)、离子型受体 (IR) 和味觉受体。其中，17种miRNA在触角中显着高表达，4种miRNA在触角和头部或翅膀中均高表达，其余12种miRNA主要在头部、胸部、腹部、腿部和翅膀中表达。值得注意的是，miR-9a-5p 和 miR-2525-3p 在雄性触角中高表达，而 miR-1000-5p 和新的-miR-13 在雌性触角中富集。在触角中高表达的 17 种 miRNA 可能与嗅觉有关，并预测靶向一种 OBP（被 miR-3751-3p 靶向），1 个 IR（由 miR-7-5p 靶向）和 14 个 OR（由 15 个 miRNA 靶向，包括 miR-6-3p、miR-9a-5p、miR-9b-5p、miR-29-5p、miR-71-5p， miR-275-3p、miR-1000-5p、miR-1000-3p、miR-2525-3p、miR-6012-3p、miR-9719-3p、新-miR-10、新-miR-13、新- miR-14 和新的-miR-28）。这些候选的嗅觉相关 miRNA 都可能通过调节触角中化学感应基因的表达参与化学感受。M. 调解员。