During 2011–16, HIV outbreaks occurred among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Canada (southeastern Saskatchewan), Greece (Athens), Ireland (Dublin), Israel (Tel Aviv), Luxembourg, Romania (Bucharest), Scotland (Glasgow), and USA (Scott County, Indiana). Factors common to many of these outbreaks included community economic problems, homelessness, and changes in drug injection patterns. The outbreaks differed in size (from under 100 to over 1000 newly reported HIV cases among PWID) and in the extent to which combined prevention had been implemented before, during, and after the outbreaks. Countries need to ensure high coverage of HIV prevention services and coverage higher than the current UNAIDS recommendation might be needed in areas in which short acting drugs are injected. In addition, monitoring of PWID with special attention for changing drug use patterns, risk behaviours, and susceptible subgroups (eg, PWID experiencing homelessness) needs to be in place to prevent or rapidly detect and contain new HIV outbreaks.

2011-16 年间，加拿大（萨斯喀彻温省东南部）、希腊（雅典）、爱尔兰（都柏林）、以色列（特拉维夫）、卢森堡、罗马尼亚（布加勒斯特）、苏格兰（格拉斯哥）的注射吸毒者 (PWID) 中爆发了艾滋病毒疫情和美国（印第安纳州斯科特县）。许多此类疫情的共同因素包括社区经济问题、无家可归和吸毒模式的改变。爆发的规模不同（从不足 100 起到超过 1000 起新报告的注射吸毒者 HIV 病例）以及在爆发之前、期间和之后实施联合预防的程度。各国需要确保 HIV 预防服务的高覆盖率，并且在注射短效药物的地区可能需要高于当前 UNAIDS 建议的覆盖率。此外，