CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) is a potent co-stimulatory molecule of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that is expressed by activated T cells. CD137/CD137 ligand (CD137L) signalling primarily induces a potent cell-mediated immune response, while signalling of cell surface-expressed CD137L into antigen presenting cells enhances their activation, differentiation and migratory capacity. Studies have shown that bidirectional CD137/CD137L signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms how CD137/CD137L signalling contributes to immune deviation of helper T cell pathways in various murine models, and the potential of developing immunotherapies targeting CD137/CD137L signalling for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) 是一种有效的肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族 (TNFRSF) 共刺激分子，由活化的 T 细胞表达。CD137/CD137 配体 (CD137L) 信号传导主要诱导有效的细胞介导的免疫反应，而细胞表面表达的 CD137L 信号传导至抗原呈递细胞可增强其活化、分化和迁移能力。研究表明，双向 CD137/CD137L 信号传导在自身免疫性疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。本综述讨论了 CD137/CD137L 信号如何在各种小鼠模型中导致辅助 T 细胞通路的免疫偏差的机制，以及开发针对 CD137/CD137L 信号的免疫疗法治疗自身免疫性疾病的潜力。