Abstract The aim of the present work was to explore the effect of the inclusion of nutritional warnings on consumer associations with labels of ultra-processed products. The study was conducted in Uruguay at two points in time, before and after the compulsory implementation of nutritional warnings. A total of 163 participants evaluated three labels of ultra-processed products using a word association task. In the first evaluation (T1), performed 9 months before the entry into force of nutritional warnings, labels were presented without warnings. Nine months later (15 days after the entry into force of the policy), participants evaluated the labels with warnings again (T2). Data were analyzed using content analysis. At T1, when labels were presented without nutritional warnings, responses to the word association task were related to a description of the product category, expected sensory characteristics of the products, brand names, liking and eating occasions. However, when the labels were presented with the warnings at T2, a significant increase in the frequency of mention of responses was observed within the categories Excessive content of sugar/fat/sodium, Not healthy, Diseases and negative health conditions, Rejection to consume, and Unexpected information. Results from the present work suggest that immediately after their implementation, nutritional warnings cause a salience bias that make excessive nutrient content and its negative health consequences more salient in consumers’ minds, especially in the case of products with a particular health-related connotation.

中文翻译：

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病态、显着且充满盐、糖和脂肪：通过显着性偏见了解营养警告对消费者协会的影响

摘要 目前工作的目的是探索在消费者协会中加入营养警告对超加工产品标签的影响。该研究是在强制实施营养警告之前和之后的两个时间点在乌拉圭进行的。共有 163 名参与者使用单词联想任务评估了超加工产品的三个标签。在营养警告生效前 9 个月进行的第一次评估 (T1) 中，标签没有警告。九个月后（政策生效后 15 天），参与者再次评估带有警告的标签（T2）。使用内容分析对数据进行分析。在 T1 时，当标签上没有营养警告时，对单词联想任务的反应与产品类别的描述、产品的预期感官特征、品牌名称、喜好和饮食场合有关。然而，当标签在 T2 出现警告时，在以下类别中观察到响应频率显着增加：糖/脂肪/钠含量过高、不健康、疾病和负面健康状况、拒绝消费、和意外信息。目前的工作结果表明，在实施后，营养警告会立即引起显着性偏差，使过量的营养成分及其负面健康后果在消费者心目中更加突出，尤其是在具有特定健康相关内涵的产品的情况下。产品的预期感官特征、品牌名称、喜好和饮食场合。然而，当标签在 T2 出现警告时，在以下类别中观察到响应频率显着增加：糖/脂肪/钠含量过高、不健康、疾病和负面健康状况、拒绝消费、和意外信息。目前的工作结果表明，在实施后，营养警告会立即引起显着性偏差，使过量的营养成分及其负面健康后果在消费者心目中更加突出，尤其是在具有特定健康相关内涵的产品的情况下。产品的预期感官特征、品牌名称、喜好和饮食场合。然而，当标签在 T2 出现警告时，在以下类别中观察到响应频率显着增加：糖/脂肪/钠含量过高、不健康、疾病和负面健康状况、拒绝消费、和意外信息。目前的工作结果表明，在实施后，营养警告会立即引起显着性偏差，使过量的营养成分及其负面健康后果在消费者心目中更加突出，尤其是在具有特定健康相关内涵的产品的情况下。在糖/脂肪/钠含量过高、不健康、疾病和负面健康状况、拒绝消费和意外信息等类别中，提及响应的频率显着增加。目前的工作结果表明，在实施后，营养警告会立即引起显着性偏差，使过量的营养成分及其负面健康后果在消费者心目中更加突出，尤其是在具有特定健康相关内涵的产品的情况下。在糖/脂肪/钠含量过高、不健康、疾病和负面健康状况、拒绝消费和意外信息等类别中，提及响应的频率显着增加。目前的工作结果表明，在实施后，营养警告会立即引起显着性偏差，使过量的营养成分及其负面健康后果在消费者心目中更加突出，尤其是在具有特定健康相关内涵的产品的情况下。