Through the years, helminths have co-existed with many species. This process has allowed parasites to live within them for long periods and, in some cases, to generate offspring. In particular, this ability has allowed Fasciola hepatica to survive the diverse immunological responses faced within its wide range of hosts. The vast repertoire of molecules that are constantly secreted in large quantities by the parasite, acts directly on several cells of the immune system affecting their antiparasitic capacities. Interestingly, these molecules can direct the host immune response to an anti-inflammatory and regulatory phenotype that assures the survival of the parasite with less harm to the host. Based on these observations, some of the products of F. hepatica, as well as those of other helminths, have been studied, either as a total extract, extracellular vesicles or as purified molecules, to establish and characterize their anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Until now, the results obtained encourage further research directed to discover new helminth-derived alternatives to replace current therapies, which can be useful for people suffering from inflammatory diseases like autoimmunity or allergy processes that affect their life quality. In this review, some of the most studied molecules derived from F. hepatica and their modulating capacities are discussed.

多年来，蠕虫与许多物种共存。这个过程使寄生虫可以长期生活在其中，并在某些情况下产生后代。尤其是，这种能力使Fasciola hepatica能够在其广泛宿主范围内面对各种免疫应答。寄生虫不断大量分泌的大量分子直接作用于免疫系统的多个细胞，从而影响其抗寄生虫能力。有趣的是，这些分子可以将宿主的免疫反应引导至抗炎和调节表型，从而确保寄生虫的生存而对宿主的伤害较小。根据这些观察结果，肝小球藻的某些产品不论是作为总提取物，细胞外囊泡还是纯化分子，都已研究了其和其他蠕虫，以建立并表征其抗炎机制。到目前为止，获得的结果鼓励进行进一步的研究，以发现新的蠕虫来源的替代品来替代当前的疗法，这对于患有炎症性疾病（例如自身免疫或影响其生活质量的变态反应）的人们很有用。在这篇综述中，讨论了一些最受研究的衍生自肝念珠菌的分子及其调节能力。