Large endothermic pelagic sharks are highly migratory and use habitats spanning a broad range of coastal, neritic and oceanic areas. This study aimed to resolve the current lack of information on the movements and habitat use of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, between shelf, slope and oceanic areas located off southwestern Australia. Movement behaviours, spatial distribution patterns and vertical habitat use of juvenile, sub-adult and adult white sharks ranging in size from 1.9 to 5.7 m total length were examined using 43 satellite tags deployed over 15 years. Pop-up satellite archival tags and satellite-linked radio tags collected 3663 days and > 109,900 km of tracking data over periods of up to 381 days. We demonstrated sex-based differences in movement and distribution patterns of male (21) and female (19) white sharks. Female dispersal was broader and extended further offshore than males, which largely remained in neritic and gulf habitats. Female white sharks experienced a narrower range of water temperatures (F = 9.0–19.0 °C; M = 10.4–24.8 °C). Despite these subtle differences, both sexes showed an affinity to the Neptune Island Group and the shelf slope canyons of the eastern Great Australian Bight, which are productive and oceanographically complex regions that support known prey of white sharks. This study highlighted that the southern-western Australian population of white sharks use off-shelf habitat to a greater extent than previously identified. Findings have potential implications for: ecological risk assessments of fisheries that operate in these offshore habitats and for monitoring and managing marine protected areas.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚南部附近的白鲨 Carcharodon carcharias 的多种移动策略和栖息地利用的证据

大型吸热远洋鲨鱼具有高度迁徙性，栖息地范围广泛，包括沿海、浅海和海洋地区。本研究旨在解决目前缺乏有关大白鲨 Carcharodon carcharias 在澳大利亚西南部的陆架、斜坡和海洋区域之间的移动和栖息地利用的信息。使用 15 年来部署的 43 个卫星标签检查了总长度为 1.9 至 5.7 m 的幼鲨、亚成年和成年白鲨的运动行为、空间分布模式和垂直栖息地使用情况。弹出式卫星档案标签和卫星链接无线电标签在长达 381 天的时间内收集了 3663 天和 > 109,900 公里的跟踪数据。我们展示了雄性 (21) 和雌性 (19) 白鲨在运动和分布模式上的性别差异。与雄性相比，雌性的分布范围更广，离岸更远，雄性主要停留在浅海和海湾栖息地。雌性白鲨的水温范围更窄（F = 9.0–19.0 °C；M = 10.4–24.8 °C）。尽管存在这些细微的差异，但两性都表现出对海王星岛群和大澳大利亚湾东部大陆架斜坡峡谷的亲和力，这些地区是支持已知的白鲨猎物的多产且海洋学复杂的地区。这项研究强调，澳大利亚西南部的白鲨种群比以前确定的更大程度地利用现成的栖息地。调查结果对以下方面具有潜在影响：对在这些近海栖息地中作业的渔业进行生态风险评估，以及监测和管理海洋保护区。