Abstract

Usage of native plant species for traditional medicine or nutritional supplement is a popular practice among various cultures. But consumption of plants growing on polluted soil can cause serious human health hazard due to bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals. Present study deals with the ecological and human health impact of heavy metals, in six native plant species with ethnobotanical significance growing at the largest chromite mine of India. Exchangeable, oxidizable, reducible and residual fractions of the metals in plant rhizosphere were analyzed. Only 2–6% of total Cr (270–330 mg/kg) and Ni (150–190 mg/kg) at the mining site is bioavailable. Cd showed highest bioavailability (~ 60%) in mining site posing very high ecological risk (1055–5291) followed by Ni (1297–2124) and Cr (309–1105). The heavy metals in the shoot of the targeted plants were about 0.7 to 80 times higher than the standard limit as per Indian statutory body. The total hazard quotient (THQ) by the consumption of plants growing in mining region was very high (> 1) and varied from 2.6 to 5.9 in adult and 0.6–1.3 in children, while in non-mining region the THQ of same plants indicates low risk (< 1). This study indicates THQ (adult) in the order of, Euphorbia hirta (5.9) > Calotropis procera (4.9) > Argemone mexicana (3.6) > Vernonia cinerea (3.5) > Pteridium latiusculum (3.4) > Tridax procumbens (2.6) through consumption pathway growing in mine soil. This study concludes that consumption of plants growing in heavy metal polluted soil should be avoided due to their potential health hazard.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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在印度最大的铬铁矿开采过程中，食用具有植物学植物的植物会消耗生物可利用的重金属，从而可能对人体健康造成危害。

摘要

在各种文化中，将本地植物种用作传统药物或营养补充剂是一种流行的做法。但是由于有毒重金属的生物蓄积，食用在污染土壤上生长的植物会造成严重的人类健康危害。目前的研究涉及在印度最大的铬铁矿中生长的六种具有民族植物学意义的本地植物物种中的重金属对生态和人类健康的影响。分析了植物根际中金属的可交换，可氧化，可还原和残留分数。在采矿现场，只有总铬（270-330 mg / kg）和镍（150-190 mg / kg）的2–6％可生物利用。镉在采矿场所的生物利用度最高（〜60％），具有很高的生态风险（1055–5291），其次是镍（1297–2124）和铬（309–1105）。根据印度法定机构的规定，目标植物的枝条中的重金属含量比标准限值高约0.7至80倍。矿区生长的植物的消费所产生的总危险商（THQ）非常高（> 1），成虫从2.6到5.9，儿童为0.6-1.3，而在非采矿区，相同植物的THQ表明低风险（<1）。这项研究表明THQ（成人）的顺序为：大戟（5.9）> 斜纹Calotropis（4.9）> 墨西哥Argemone（3.6）> 灰质Vernonia（3.5）> 翼状蕨（3.4）>  Tridax procumbens（2.6）通过在土壤中生长的消耗途径产生。这项研究得出的结论是，由于潜在的健康危害，应避免食用重金属污染土壤中生长的植物。

图形摘要