To achieve zero net energy (ZNE) building codes, this paper proposes a model for building code regulators to consider that refocuses requirements from the efficiency of specific measures to the overall building energy performance. Using California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) as an example, the proposal presents a framework that establishes code compliance on whole-building performance using either the performance approach (energy simulations) or a new “simplified performance trade-off” pathway that achieves equivalent performance levels. An example of a simplified performance approach has been developed with the intention of allowing simple buildings to determine compliance with the energy code by specifying only a few building and efficiency parameters, including renewable energy system capacity. Building on these results, detailed trade-offs for low-rise office buildings are presented that utilize a selection of specific efficiency parameters that collectively achieve targeted performance levels. All major building components (e.g., HVAC, lighting, and fenestration) are represented and the selection of a less efficient design option triggers a requirement for higher efficiency in other areas such that the desired energy performance is achieved. Finally, we present our recommendations for developing simplified performance trade-offs for a larger set of building types and how our results could inform future code development activities.

中文翻译：

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ZNE代码：进行性能折衷

为了实现零净能源（ZNE）建筑规范，本文提出了一个建筑规范监管机构模型，以考虑将要求从特定措施的效率重新集中到总体建筑节能性能。该提案以加利福尼亚州的建筑节能标准（标题24，第6部分）为例，提出了一个框架，该框架使用性能方法（能源模拟）或新的“简化性能折衷方案”建立了对整个建筑性能的规范合规性。达到等效性能水平的途径。已经开发出一种简化性能方法的示例，其目的是通过仅指定一些建筑物和效率参数（包括可再生能源系统容量）来允许简单建筑物确定是否符合能源法规。在这些结果的基础上，提出了针对低层办公楼的详细折衷方案，这些折衷方案利用了一系列特定的能效参数，共同实现了目标性能水平。代表了所有主要的建筑组件（例如，HVAC，照明和开窗），选择效率较低的设计方案会触发对其他领域更高效率的需求，从而实现所需的能源性能。最后，我们提出了针对大型建筑类型进行简化性能折衷的建议，以及我们的结果如何为以后的代码开发活动提供信息。代表了所有主要的建筑组件（例如，HVAC，照明和开窗），选择效率较低的设计方案会触发对其他领域更高效率的需求，从而实现所需的能源性能。最后，我们提出了针对大型建筑类型进行简化性能折衷的建议，以及我们的结果如何为以后的代码开发活动提供信息。代表了所有主要的建筑组件（例如，HVAC，照明和开窗），选择效率较低的设计方案会触发对其他领域更高效率的需求，从而实现所需的能源性能。最后，我们提出了针对大型建筑类型进行简化性能折衷的建议，以及我们的结果如何为以后的代码开发活动提供信息。